Screening Data

Izalontamab Brengitecan in Recurrent or Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The PANKU-Esophagus01 Randomized Clinical Trial.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: JAMA
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-12
• Screened: 2026-11-15 03:13 KST
• PMID: 43018949
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43018949/
• DOI: 10.1001/jama.2026.20250
• Tags: Esophageal Cancer, ADC, Bispecific Antibody, Phase 3 Trial, Second-line Treatment, PFS, OS

Screening brief

이 연구는 1차 PD-1/PD-L1 억제제 및 백금 기반 화학요법 후 진행한 재발 또는 전이성 식도 편평상피세포암(ESCC) 환자들을 대상으로 수행되었습니다. Izalontamab Brengitecan은 비교군인 의사가 선택한 화학요법에 비해 무진행 생존기간(PFS)과 전체 생존기간(OS)에서 통계적으로 유의미한 개선을 보였습니다. 이러한 결과는 이 약물이 해당 환자군을 위한 새로운 2차 치료 옵션으로 자리 잡을 수 있음을 시사합니다.

Abstract

Effective therapy remains lacking for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) whose disease progressed after standard treatment. Izalontamab brengitecan, an epidermal growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 bispecific antibody-drug conjugate with a topoisomerase I inhibitor, Ed-04, has shown clinical activity in ESCC in a phase 1b study. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of izalontamab brengitecan compared with chemotherapy in patients with advanced ESCC who progressed after first-line programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor plus platinum-containing chemotherapy. This phase 3, open-label, randomized clinical trial was conducted across 80 hospitals in China. Patients with recurrent or metastatic ESCC that had progressed with first-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor plus platinum-containing chemotherapy were enrolled. Between March 19, 2024, and August 1, 2025 (final follow-up, October 17, 2025), a total of 704 patients were screened, and 497 were enrolled and randomized. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either izalontamab brengitecan (n = 249; 2.5 mg/kg on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks) or physician-selected chemotherapy (n = 248; irinotecan, paclitaxel, or docetaxel) every 3 weeks. The dual primary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by blinded inde...

Izalontamab Brengitecan in Recurrent or Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Research Summary.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: JAMA
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-12
• Screened: 2026-11-15 03:13 KST
• PMID: 43018960
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43018960/
• DOI: 10.1001/jama.2026.23165
• Tags: Esophageal Cancer, Izalontamab Brengitecan, Clinical Trial, JAMA, Oncology, Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Screening brief

이 연구는 재발성 또는 전이성 식도 편평상피세포암 환자에서 Izalontamab Brengitecan의 치료 효과를 분석합니다. JAMA에 게재된 이 논문은 기존 표준 치료 대비 새로운 면역-항체 약물 접합체의 임상적 가치를 제시합니다. 이는 식도암 치료 알고리즘의 중요한 업데이트가 될 수 있습니다.

Abstract

not available

Integrating Chemotherapy With Immunotherapy Prior to Surgery for Patients With Locally Advanced HNSCC.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: JAMA oncology
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-12
• Screened: 2026-11-15 03:12 KST
• PMID: 43018962
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43018962/
• DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4488
• Tags: HNSCC, Immunotherapy, Chemotherapy, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Head and Neck Cancer, Surgery

Screening brief

이 연구는 국소 진행성 HNSCC 환자들을 대상으로 수술 전 Chemotherapy와 Immunotherapy를 결합한 치료 전략의 효능을 평가합니다. JAMA Oncology에 게재된 이 논문은 기존 표준 치료 대비 병용 요법의 임상적 이점을 제시하여, 향후 치료 가이드라인 변경에 중요한 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다. 특히 수술 전 단계에서의 면역항암제 활용에 대한 최신 증거를 제공합니다.

Abstract

not available

Perioperative Camrelizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: JAMA oncology
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-12
• Screened: 2026-11-15 03:12 KST
• PMID: 43018983
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43018983/
• DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4642
• Tags: HNSCC, camrelizumab, perioperative therapy, randomized clinical trial, event-free survival, neoadjuvant immunotherapy, JAMA Oncology
• Open access (PMC): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 재sectable locally advanced HNSCC 환자에서 perioperative camrelizumab plus chemotherapy가 표준 치료 대비 event-free survival(EFS)과 overall survival(OS)을 유의하게 향상시킨다는 것을 입증했습니다. 주요 결과로 neoadjuvant-adjuvant 군의 2년 EFS율이 77.8%로 대조군의 46.1%를 크게 상회했으며, major pathological response(MPR) 및 pathological complete response(pCR)도 관찰되었습니다. 이는 재sectable HNSCC 치료에서 perioperative immune priming 전략의 유효성을 지지하는 중요한 근거입니다.

Abstract

Despite multimodal treatment, recurrence remains common in patients with resectable locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Whether perioperative chemoimmunotherapy improves long-term outcomes remains uncertain. To estimate the effect of perioperative camrelizumab plus chemotherapy on event-free survival (EFS) compared with standard surgery-based treatment in patients with resectable locally advanced HNSCC. The CAMORAL trial was a multicenter, phase 2 randomized clinical trial conducted at 4 academic hospitals in China between October 2020 and March 2024, with data cutoff on April 11, 2025. Patients aged 18 to 75 years with untreated, resectable stage III to IVB HNSCC were assigned to neoadjuvant-adjuvant treatment or control. Analyses used the intention-to-treat population. Data were analyzed from May 2025 to February 2026. Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive two 21-day cycles of neoadjuvant camrelizumab, 200 mg, plus albumin-bound paclitaxel and carboplatin followed by surgery, risk-adapted adjuvant therapy, and maintenance camrelizumab for up to 15 cycles; or upfront surgery followed by standard risk-adapted adjuvant therapy. The primary end point was 2-year EFS. Secondary end points included major pathological response (MPR), pathological complete response (pCR), overall survival, 2-year distant metastasis-free survival, 2-year locoregional re...

Exponential growth and slow-growing tumours in screen-detected lung cancers: findings from the NELCIN-B3 LDCT screening study in China.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: biomedical-imaging
• Journal: Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-11
• Screened: 2026-11-15 03:11 KST
• PMID: 43019606
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43019606/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2026.109691
• Tags: LDCT, lung cancer screening, Volume Doubling Time, tumor growth kinetics, NELCIN-B3, non-solid nodules, risk-adapted surveillance
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 중국인 일반 인구 코호트(NELCIN-B3)의 LDCT 스크리닝 데이터를 바탕으로 폐암 결절의 성장 모델을 평가했습니다. 지수 함수 모델이 부피 및 질량 변화에 가장 잘 적합하며, 스크리닝으로 발견된 폐암 중 상당수가 느리게 자라는 종양임을 확인했습니다. 특히 비고형 결절(non-solid nodules)과 비흡연자에서 더 긴 배증 시간을 보였으며, 이는 성장 정보 기반의 맞춤형 감시 전략 개발에 중요한 근거를 제공합니다.

Abstract

Volume doubling time (VDT) is central to lung cancer screening, yet its calculation assumes exponential growth, a model evaluated mainly in Western populations. We evaluated the exponential growth model and characterised tumour growth in a Chinese low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening cohort. We used data from the NELCIN-B3 LDCT screening cohort (Tianjin, China) of a general population aged 40-74 years. Four candidate models (linear, exponential, power-law, monomolecular) were fitted to serial volume and mass measurements of lung cancer nodules with ≥3 pretreatment scans (n = 32). VDT and mass doubling time (MDT) were calculated for all nodules with ≥2 scans (n = 57, including the 32 with ≥3 scans). Slow-growing tumours were defined by VDT >400 days or negative VDT, with MDT-based classification assessed in parallel. Subgroup analyses were exploratory. The exponential model provided the best fit for both volume and mass trajectories (median R2 = 0.99). Median VDT and MDT were 593 (interquartile range: 305-994) and 617 (291-991) days, respectively. Among the 57 screen-detected cancers with serial pretreatment imaging, 65% were slow-growing. Never-smokers had longer doubling times than ever-smokers, and non-solid nodules had the longest doubling times; non-solid morphology was independently associated with slow growth (VDT: odds ratio 4.63; MDT: 7.58). The exponential mo...

Patient factors affecting unplanned admission or emergency department attendance following systemic anti-cancer therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A population-based retrospective cohort study.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-10
• Screened: 2026-11-15 03:11 KST
• PMID: 43019607
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43019607/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2026.109689
• Tags: NSCLC, SACT, unplanned admission, emergency department attendance, performance status, retrospective cohort study, patient factors

Screening brief

이 연구는 advanced NSCLC 환자에서 Systemic anti-cancer therapy 시작 후 30일 내 unplanned admission 또는 emergency department attendance의 발생률이 35%에 달함을 보여주었습니다. Prior hospitalisation과 poor performance status가 이러한 사건을 예측하는 가장 강력한 지표임이 확인되었습니다. 이는 고위험군 식별을 통한 맞춤형 환자 지원 및 adverse events 최소화 전략 수립에 중요한 임상적 통찰을 제공합니다.

Abstract

Systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) for patients in advanced stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can increase early treatment-related mortality, toxicities, and unplanned hospital admissions or emergency department attendance. We sought to understand admission/emergency attendance rates and patient factors associated with these events in England. This retrospective, population-based cohort study described rates of unplanned admission/emergency department attendance within 30 days of first SACT for advanced-stage NSCLC patients treated 2015-2019. Associations of patient, treatment and regional characteristics with admissions were investigated using multivariable logistic regression. Of 22,521 included patients, 35% (N = 7,870) had an unplanned admission/emergency attendance within 30 days of first SACT, with 20% dying within 30 days of this admission (N = 1,616/7,870). Seventy-one percent did not receive any further SACT treatment (N = 5,600/7,870). Fifty-four percent previously had an unplanned admission/emergency attendance in the three months before starting SACT (N = 4,225/7,870), and this was associated with increased 30-day admission/emergency department attendance in multivariable logistic regression analysis (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.53, 1.72, P < 0.001). Unplanned 30-day admission/emergency attendance increased with worsening performance status (PS0 = 28%, PS1 = 34%,...

Local and systemic inflammatory and immune pathways in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: emerging therapeutic targets.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Cancer treatment reviews
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-05
• Screened: 2026-11-15 03:10 KST
• PMID: 43019925
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43019925/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103240
• Tags: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, Immune pathways, Systemic inflammation, BRAFV600E, Therapeutic targets, Review article
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 리뷰 논문은 예후가 매우 나쁜 Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma(ATC)에서 국소 및 전신 염증과 면역 경로의 역할을 분석합니다. 기존 BRAF/MEK inhibitors의 한계를 지적하며, innate immune system 및 protumoral processes를 표적으로 하는 새로운 치료 접근법의 필요성을 강조합니다. 이는 ATC 환자의 생존율 향상을 위한 차세대 치료 전략 수립에 중요한 기초 자료를 제공합니다.

Abstract

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare endocrine cancer and one of the most lethal malignancies with only few treatment options. Most patients present with advanced and unresectable disease, and the median survival is approximately three months. In recent years, systemic treatments have become available for a subgroup of patients with ATC harboring targetable variants, such as BRAF/MEK inhibitors for patients with pathogenetic BRAFV600E variants. However, only a small proportion of patients with ATC are eligible for these treatments, and most treated patients develop resistant and progressive disease. Hence, an urgent need remains for new treatment approaches. Accumulating evidence underlines the roles of systemic inflammation, immunosuppressive and protumoral immune cells tumor infiltration, and elevated numbers of circulating proinflammatory myeloid immune cells in tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and disease progression of ATC. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of ATC and summarize latest trends in systemic treatments for patients with ATC. Moreover, based on these developments in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease, we propose how targeting different protumoral processes could lead to future treatment modalities for patients with ATC, with a specific focus on inflammatory processes and the innate immune system.

Particle therapy for T3N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer: a Japanese nationwide prospective registry study.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-12
• Screened: 2026-11-15 03:10 KST
• PMID: 43020138
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43020138/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2026.111865
• Tags: NSCLC, Particle therapy, Proton beam therapy, Carbon-ion radiotherapy, T3N0M0, Survival analysis, Adverse events
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 cT3N0M0 NSCLC 환자 96명을 대상으로 양성자 및 탄소이온 방사선 치료의 결과를 분석했습니다. 중위 추적 기간 53개월 동안 3년 OS는 48.1%, PFS는 33.0%로 나타났으며, 고등급 부작용 발생률은 낮았습니다. 수술이 불가능하거나 거절하는 환자들에게 입자 치료가 유망한 확정적 치료 옵션임을 시사합니다.

Abstract

Particle therapy offers dosimetric advantages over conventional photon therapy, potentially minimizing toxicities for larger tumors. This study evaluated the clinical outcomes and safety of particle therapy for cT3N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using a Japanese nationwide prospective registry. This multicenter prospective observational registry study included patients with cT3N0M0 NSCLC who were treated with proton beam therapy or carbon-ion radiotherapy between May 2016 and June 2021. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), cumulative incidence of local failure (LF), and adverse events were evaluated. Prognostic factors were compared using the Cox proportional hazards model and the cumulative incidence curves were compared using the Fine-Gray model. A total of 96 patients were evaluated. With a median follow-up of 53 months, the 3-year OS, PFS, and LF rates were 48.1 %, 33.0 %, and 19.2 %, respectively. Grade 3 or higher adverse events were observed in 5 patients (5.2 %), with no Grade 5 events reported. In multivariate analysis, concomitant interstitial lung disease and low vital capacity were identified as significant prognostic factors for both OS and PFS. No statistically significant associations with OS or PFS were detected for tumor size > 5 cm, treatment modality, or chemotherapy. Particle therapy showed encouraging survival outcomes and a low...

PARP inhibitors in breast cancer: From DNA repair targeting to next-generation precision therapeutics.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Cancer treatment reviews
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-12
• Screened: 2026-11-15 03:08 KST
• PMID: 43025097
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43025097/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103242
• Tags: PARP inhibitors, breast cancer, BRCA1/2, synthetic lethality, drug resistance, biomarkers, precision medicine

Screening brief

이 리뷰는 PARP inhibitors가 유방암, 특히 HER2-negative 및 BRCA 변이 환자에서 어떻게 작용하는지 설명합니다. 주요 내용은 약물 내성 메커니즘, ctDNA를 통한 모니터링, 그리고 RAD51 foci assay와 같은 새로운 biomarker 개발을 포함합니다. 또한 차세대 선택적 inhibitor와 면역치료제 등의 합리적인 병용 요법 전략을 제시하여 미래 치료 방향을 제시합니다.

Abstract

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have established synthetic lethality as a clinically validated therapeutic strategy in breast cancer. Olaparib and talazoparib improve outcomes in HER2-negative metastatic disease among patients with germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants, while adjuvant olaparib reduces recurrence and mortality in high-risk, HER2-negative early breast cancer. However, their clinical utility remains constrained by acquired resistance, hematologic toxicity, and limitations in biomarker-based patient selection. This review examines the pharmacological determinants of PARPi activity, including catalytic inhibition and PARP trapping, and summarizes clinical evidence across disease stages and molecular subgroups, including germline PALB2 and somatic BRCA1/2 alterations. We discuss primary and acquired resistance mechanisms, particularly homologous recombination restoration through BRCA1/2 reversion mutations, and the potential of circulating tumor DNA to monitor clonal evolution. We also assess biomarkers spanning genomic scars, functional homologous recombination status, and PARP target engagement, with emphasis on RAD51 foci assays and emerging computational and imaging approaches. Finally, we review next-generation PARP1-selective inhibitors and rational combinations with immunotherapy, topoisomerase I inhibitor-based antibody-drug conjugates, chemoth...

Characteristics and outcomes of patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer harboring a HER2-activating mutation: a real-world retrospective cohort study using a US clinico-genomic database.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-02
• Screened: 2026-11-15 03:07 KST
• PMID: 43025364
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43025364/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2026.109677
• Tags: NSCLC, HER2 mutation, real-world evidence, antibody-drug conjugate, progression-free survival, overall survival, immunotherapy

Screening brief

이 연구는 미국 전역의 암 센터 데이터를 바탕으로 HER2 변이 양성 NSCLC 환자의 실제 임상 경과를 분석했습니다. 1차 및 2차 치료에서의 rwPFS와 OS 결과를 제시하며, 특히 YVMA 돌연변이 하위 그룹에서 예후가 더 나쁜 것으로 나타났습니다. 전반적인 치료 결과가 불만족스럽다는 점은 HER2 표적 치료제 개발의 시급성을 강조합니다.

Abstract

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/ERBB2) mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. This retrospective cohort study used electronic health records from US academic and community cancer centers to describe characteristics and treatments of patients with HER2-mutated locally advanced/metastatic NSCLC initiating first-line (1 L) therapy between January 1, 2015, and March 31, 2024, in a real-world setting. Endpoints included real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) and overall survival (OS) by line of therapy and in subgroups of interest. Of 158 patients included (median age 69 years, 43.0% with Y772_A775dup [YVMA] mutation), 50.6% had ≥ 2 lines of therapy. Common 1 L therapies were chemotherapy + immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI; 36.1%) and chemotherapy (27.8%); common second-line (2 L) therapies were ICI (23.8%), chemotherapy + ICI (16.3%), and HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC; 16.3%). Median rwPFS/OS was 5.7/17.5, and 4.3/11.2 months, following initiation of 1 L and 2 L treatment, respectively. Median rwPFS ranged from 4.4 to 8.9 months and median OS from 15.7 to 16.0 months, following initiation of 1 L chemotherapy with or without ICI. Median rwPFS following initiation of 2 L treatment with ICI ± chemotherapy, chemotherapy ± monoclonal antibody, or HER2-targeted ADC ranged from 3.0 to 4...

Historical and projected smoking patterns and lung cancer incidence across sex and birth-cohorts in Spain: The rising burden in women.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.85
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-12
• Screened: 2026-11-15 03:07 KST
• PMID: 43025365
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43025365/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2026.109688
• Tags: lung cancer, epidemiology, smoking patterns, sex differences, MISCAN-Lung, incidence projection, prevention strategies
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 논문은 스페인의 성별 및 출생 코호트별 흡연 패턴을 분석하여 향후 폐암 발병률을 예측합니다. 특히 여성 인구의 흡연율 증가로 인해 65-79세 여성의 폐암 발병률이 현저히 상승할 것으로 전망됩니다. 이러한 결과는 성별에 차별화된 폐암 예방 및 조기 검진 정책의 필요성을 강조합니다.

Abstract

Smoking prevalence varies greatly by sex across Europe. In Spain, while smoking prevalence has decreased in men, it has risen in women in the past decades and is now amongst the highest in Europe. However, there has been limited research into how changes in smoking prevalence impact long-term lung cancer incidence. This study analyses sex and birth-cohort specific smoking patterns in Spain and their impact on future lung cancer incidence. We used the MIcrosimulation SCreening Analysis (MISCAN)-Lung to evaluate and project smoking behaviour patterns and lung cancer incidence in Spain by sex and birth-cohort, using cancer registry data and nationally representative surveys from years 1987-2020. By 2035, current smoking prevalence in women born between 1955-1969 is expected to be higher than men (19.1 % current smoking prevalence for women compared to 14.1 % in men for the 1965-1969 birth-cohort). In men, lung cancer incidence per 100,000 person-years between 2015 and 2035 for those aged 55-64 and 65-79 is expected to decrease by 57.6 % (from 193.3 to 82.0 per 100,000) and 13.0 % (from 329.8 to 287.0 per 100,000), respectively. While a similar decline in incidence is projected for women aged 55-64 (from 74.5 to 29.8 per 100,000; 60.0 % decrease), incidence in ages 65-79 will increase by 171.6 % (from 48.6 to 132.0 per 100,000). Lung cancer incidence in women aged 65-79 in Spain i...

Navigating treatment for De novo oligometastatic breast cancer: The Assisi think tank meeting.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-13
• Screened: 2026-11-15 03:06 KST
• PMID: 43025760
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43025760/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2026.111869
• Tags: breast cancer, oligometastatic disease, locoregional treatment, advanced imaging, biomarkers, radiotherapy, systemic therapy
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 논문은 de novo oligometastatic breast cancer (dnOMBC) 환자에서 locoregional treatment의 최적 역할을 논의합니다. 저자들은 advanced imaging과 biomarker monitoring을 통해 진정한 oligometastatic disease를 식별하고, 이를 immunotherapy와 결합하여 치료 결과를 개선할 것을 제안합니다. 현재 증거 수준이 낮으므로, 향후 prospective clinical trials에서의 추가 연구가 필요함을 강조합니다.

Abstract

The 2026 Assisi Think Tank Meeting, in collaboration with EUSOMA, ESTRO, and AIRO, identified de novo oligometastatic breast cancer (dnOMBC) as a clinically relevant challenge. A comprehensive review of 39 publications highlights a significant heterogeneity in locoregional treatment strategies, including varying approaches to surgical and radiation oncology management for both the primary tumour as for the metastases. The overall level of evidence is low, with only one trial, MF07-01, demonstrating a clear benefit in terms of overall survival. Therefore, we recommend applying the Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC) guidelines, considering locoregional interventions after a 3-8 months induction of systemic therapy to facilitate identification of patients with better outcomes. On longer term perspective, our findings emphasise the need for obtaining more results from ongoing and future prospective clinical trials to define the optimal role of local therapies, including surgery and radiation therapy, in improving patient outcomes. For this, we encourage a proper application of biologically driven paradigms, using advanced imaging and biomarker monitoring to better identify true oligometastatic disease, as well as to optimise outcomes by combining locoregional treatments with immunotherapy.

Vaccines could be a new frontier in KRAS targeting.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.90
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Nature medicine
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-13
• Screened: 2026-11-15 03:05 KST
• PMID: 43026301
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43026301/
• DOI: 10.1038/s41591-026-04772-1
• Tags: KRAS, Cancer Vaccines, Targeted Therapy, Oncology, Immunotherapy, Nature Medicine

Screening brief

이 논문은 KRAS 돌연변이를 가진 암 치료에서 백신의 잠재력을 새로운 전선으로 제시합니다. 기존 표적 치료의 한계를 극복하기 위한 면역학적 접근법의 중요성을 강조합니다. Nature Medicine에 게재된 이 연구는 향후 종양학 치료 전략에 중요한 시사점을 제공합니다.

Abstract

not available

OPXrayNet: a high-precision, explainable AI framework for transformative opportunistic osteoporosis screening utilizing multi-site X-ray imaging.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: biomedical-imaging
• Journal: European radiology
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-13
• Screened: 2026-11-15 03:05 KST
• PMID: 43026332
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43026332/
• DOI: 10.1007/s00330-026-13023-3
• Tags: OPXrayNet, osteoporosis screening, deep learning, X-ray imaging, explainable AI, YOLOv8, opportunistic screening
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

OPXrayNet은 다중 부위 X-ray 영상을 활용하여 골다공증을 자동으로 선별하는 새로운 딥러닝 프레임워크입니다. 이 모델은 YOLOv8 및 공간-주파수 결합 아키텍처를 통합하여 진단 정확도와 해석 가능성을 동시에 향상시켰습니다. 내부 및 외부 검증 집합에서 높은 AUC와 정확도를 달성했으며, 일차 의료 환경에서의 확장 가능한 임상 적용 가능성을 입증했습니다.

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and validate OPXrayNet, an automated deep-learning framework for opportunistic osteoporosis (OP) screening using multi-site skeletal X-ray images, to address the limitations of single-site analysis and poor interpretability in existing methods. This retrospective, multicenter diagnostic study utilized 16,347 annotated X-ray images from 2186 patients. The reference standard was OP diagnosis based on DXA T-score (≤ -2.5). OPXrayNet integrated YOLOv8 for automated region-of-interest detection, a spatial-frequency joint focusing architecture for feature enhancement, a feature pyramid network for multi-scale fusion, and an expert-guided loss module. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using accuracy and AUC, comparing performance against models including DeepSeek-VL2 and DCNN via statistical tests on internal and external validation sets. The study included 2186 participants (mean age 69.0 ± 10.5 years; 72.3% female). On the internal test set (n = 3892), OPXrayNet achieved an accuracy of 80.1%; observed accuracy values for baseline models were lower. On the external validation set, it attained an AUC of 0.844 (95% CI: 0.821-0.867); a numerical difference of 3.9% was observed when compared with other models. Feature heatmaps suggest that the model focuses on clinically critical bone structures. OPXrayNet effectively provides accurate, automated, and interpr...

TROP-2-Directed ADC Could Be New Standard for Some NSCLCs.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Cancer discovery
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-14
• Screened: 2026-11-15 03:05 KST
• PMID: 43031331
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43031331/
• DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-nw2026-0107
• Tags: NSCLC, ADC, TROP-2, sacituzumab tirumotecan, pembrolizumab, Phase III trial, PD-L1-negative

Screening brief

Opti-TROP-Lung06 Phase III 시험에서 PD-L1 음성 비소세포 폐암(NSCLC) 환자에게 sacituzumab tirumotecan과 pembrolizumab을 병용 투여한 결과, 중위 무진행 생존기간(PFS)이 15개월로 확인되었습니다. 이는 표준 화학요법과 pembrolizumab 병용군의 5.7개월에 비해 현저히 우수한 성과입니다. 이 연구는 TROP-2 표적 ADC가 특정 NSCLC 환자군에서 새로운 치료 표준이 될 수 있음을 시사합니다.

Abstract

In the phase III Opti-TROP-Lung06 trial, patients with newly diagnosed PD-L1-negative, advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer without targetable alterations who received the TROP-2-directed antibody-drug conjugate sacituzumab tirumotecan and the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab experienced a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 15 months. In comparison, those patients who received standard chemotherapy plus pembrolizumab experienced a median PFS of 5.7 months.

Adverse events in placebo arms of phase III lung cancer trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.85
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-02
• Screened: 2026-11-08 03:09 KST
• PMID: 42987631
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42987631/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2026.109675
• Tags: NSCLC, SCLC, Adverse events, Placebo arm, Meta-analysis, Phase III trials, Lung cancer
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 비소세포폐암(NSCLC) 및 소세포폐암(SCLC) Phase III 임상시험의 Placebo 군에서 보고된 Adverse events (AEs) 발생률을 체계적 문헌고찰과 Meta-analysis를 통해 정량화했습니다. 분석 결과, Placebo 군에서도 상당수 환자가 Grade 3 이상 AEs를 경험하며, 이는 질병 진행이나 이전 치료의 영향일 가능성이 높음을 시사합니다. 이러한 데이터는 임상시험에서 관찰된 부작용이 실제 약물 유래인지, 아니면 Nocebo 효과나 자연 경과인지 해석하는 데 필수적인 배경 지식을 제공합니다.

Abstract

Adverse events (AEs) are routinely reported in placebo arms of lung cancer trials, yet these data have seldom been systematically synthesized. This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the incidence of AEs in placebo arms of phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Ovid Medline, and Cochrane Library for phase III RCTs evaluating targeted therapy and/or immunotherapy in NSCLC or SCLC that included a placebo arm. Pooled incidence was estimated using random-effects models for any-grade and grade 3 or 4 AEs, treatment modifications (interruption, dose reduction, or discontinuation) due to AEs, and common AEs. Twenty-six RCTs comprising 7641 placebo-treated patients were included. The pooled incidence of any-grade AEs was 84% (95%CI: 78-90%, 95%PI: 54-100%), with grade 3 or 4 AEs occurring in 25% (95%CI: 19-32%, 95%PI: 4-57%). The most frequent any-grade AEs were fatigue (20%), dyspnea (20%), and cough (20%). Grade 3 or 4 AEs most commonly included fatigue (4%), dyspnea (3%), pneumonia (2%), and hypertension (2%). Treatment interruption or dose reduction due to AEs occurred in 10% (95%CI: 6-15%, 95%PI: 0-36%), and discontinuation in 5% (95%CI: 4-8%, 95%PI: 0-17%). Placebo-treated patients with lung cancer experience substantial AE burden, may attributable to disease...

Pretransplant Pulmonary Hemodynamics, Explant Histology, and Primary Graft Dysfunction after Lung Transplantation for Silicosis.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.85
• Category: clinical-pulmonology
• Journal: Chest
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-05
• Screened: 2026-11-08 03:08 KST
• PMID: 42988323
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42988323/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2026.10.040
• Tags: Lung Transplantation, Silicosis, Pulmonary Hypertension, Primary Graft Dysfunction, Hemodynamics, Histopathology, Right Ventricular Function
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 석면증으로 인한 진행성 대량 섬유증(PMF) 환자에서 폐 이식 전 폐 고혈압(PH)의 발생률이 95% 이상임을 확인했습니다. 조직병리학적 분석 결과, 이러한 PH는 전형적인 PAH와 달리 광범위한 섬유화 및 혈관 폐쇄에 기인하는 독특한 혈관 표현형을 보였습니다. 또한, 이식 전 우심실 기능 부전과 낮은 TAPSE/RVSP 비율이 Primary Graft Dysfunction(PGD) 발생과 유의미하게 연관되어 있음을 밝혔습니다.

Abstract

Silicosis associated with progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) is a major cause of end-stage lung disease among workers in the artificial stone industry. Patients with PMF are increasingly referred for lung transplant (LTx) evaluation and there is emerging evidence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with advanced PMF. Among patients with PMF referred for lung transplantation, what is the incidence of PH and what are accompanying histopathologic pulmonary vascular aberrations? Retrospective single-center cohort study of prospectively-enrolled participants, providing granular data on the invasive hemodynamic profile of patients with silicosis-associated PMF, histopathologic data on pulmonary vascular aberrations, and clinical data on post-transplant complications. Clinical and sociodemographic variables were collected. Explanted lungs from patients with silicosis-associated PMF underwent detailed pulmonary vascular histopathologic review and were descriptively compared with PAH explants. The incidence of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) was evaluated and descriptive analysis performed to provide associations of clinical features and PGD incidence. PH was present in over 95% of 21 patients with silicosis-associated PMF who underwent LTx, with a hemodynamic profile similar to patients transplanted for PAH. . Silicosis explants showed confluent silicotic nodules, extensive fib...

Integrated tumor and circulating immune profiling in the NEO-CESQ trial of perioperative cemiplimab for resectable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.90
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-05
• Screened: 2026-11-08 03:07 KST
• PMID: 42988572
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42988572/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-016059
• Tags: cemiplimab, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, perioperative therapy, immune profiling, NEO-CESQ trial, immunotherapy, biomarkers
• Open access (OA/gold): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 재sectable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(cSCC) 환자에서 perioperative cemiplimab 투여의 임상적 효능을 평가합니다. NEO-CESQ 시험 데이터를 바탕으로 종양 미세환경과 순환 면역 세포의 변화를 통합적으로 분석하여 치료 반응 예측 인자를 규명했습니다. 이는 cSCC의 개인 맞춤형 면역치료 전략 수립에 중요한 근거를 제공합니다.

Abstract

not available

Steering the immune response: cancer vaccines and the next era of cancer immunotherapy.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.90
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-05
• Screened: 2026-11-08 03:07 KST
• PMID: 42988573
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42988573/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-017100
• Tags: cancer immunotherapy, cancer vaccines, immune response, oncology, review article
• Open access (OA/gold): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 논문은 cancer vaccines가 차세대 cancer immunotherapy에서 어떻게 immune response를 조절하는지 심층적으로 분석합니다. 기존 치료법의 한계를 극복하기 위한 새로운 전략과 임상적 의미를 제시하여, 종양학 연구자들에게 중요한 참고 자료가 됩니다. 특히 면역 체계의 정교한 조절 메커니즘을 이해하는 데 필수적인 내용을 담고 있습니다.

Abstract

not available

Deep learning-based segmentation of the ischemic core and severe hypodensity on noncontrast head CT compared with CT perfusion and diffusion-weighted imaging.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.85
• Category: biomedical-imaging
• Journal: European radiology
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-05
• Screened: 2026-11-08 03:06 KST
• PMID: 42988989
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42988989/
• DOI: 10.1007/s00330-026-12956-z
• Tags: Deep learning, NCCT segmentation, Ischemic core, DWI comparison, CT perfusion, Imaging biomarkers, Stroke outcome

Screening brief

이 연구는 Deep learning 기반 NCCT 분할(DLNCCT)의 정확도와 임상적 유용성을 평가합니다. DLNCCT는 DWI 및 CTP와 공간적 중첩은 낮았으나, 저밀도 부피 및 평균 병변 밀도 등의 Biomarker 측정에서 유의미한 일치를 보였습니다. 특히 이러한 영상 Biomarker들은 90일 후 기능적 예후(mRS)와 통계적으로 유의한 연관성을 나타냈습니다. 이는 NCCT만으로도 정확한 Ischemic core 평가가 가능함을 시사하며, 급성 뇌졸중 관리에 새로운 영상학적 접근법을 제시합니다.

Abstract

To compare the spatial overlap, imaging marker agreement, and outcome associations of acute ischemic regions of interest (ROIs) using deep-learning NCCT (DLNCCT) versus manual NCCT, CTP, and DWI-based segmentations. We trained a deep learning model to segment ischemic ROIs on admission NCCT (DLNCCT). DLNCCT was compared with manual NCCT, CTP (rCBF < 30%/38%), and DWI using the Dice similarity coefficient (mean ± SD), Bland-Altman analysis (mean difference [95% CI]), and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). For each ROI, we compared NCCT imaging biomarkers: average lesion density (HU); modified net water uptake (mNWU in %); total volume (mL); and hypodense (≤ 26 HU) volume (mL). DLNCCT biomarkers were associated with reversed 90-day ordinal modified Rankin Scale (genOR [95% CI]). We used 218/762 train/test cases. Dice was 0.30 ± 0.30 between DLNCCT and manual segmentation, 0.22 ± 0.25 between DLNCCT-DWI, and 0.15 ± 0.22/0.21 ± 0.24 between CTP (rCBF < 30%/< 38%)-DWI. DLNCCT-DWI biomarker agreement was -1 HU (95% CI: -7; 6) for average density (CCC: 0.71), 4.9% (95% CI: -7.0; 16.8) for mNWU (CCC: 0.35), -16 mL (95% CI: -108; 76) for total volume (CCC: 0.57), and -4 mL (95% CI: -31; 23) for hypodense lesion volume (CCC: 0.75). Average lesion density (1.11 [95% CI: 1.06; 1.16]) and hypodense volume (0.85 [95% CI: 0.72; 0.99]) were associated with 90-day mRS. Spatial and biom...

RESPONSE-ADAPTIVE STEREOTACTIC BODY RADIOTHERAPY BOOST AFTER CONCURRENT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY IN UNRESECTABLE STAGE III NSCLC: A PROSPECTIVE SINGLE-CENTRE COHORT STUDY.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-06
• Screened: 2026-11-08 03:05 KST
• PMID: 42994535
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42994535/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2026.10.041
• Tags: NSCLC, SBRT, Stage III, Adaptive Radiotherapy, Locoregional Control, Chemoradiotherapy, Pneumonitis

Screening brief

이 연구는 비절제 가능한 III기 NSCLC 환자에서 동시 화학방사선치료 후 적응형 SBRT 부스트를 시행한 결과를 분석했습니다. 잔여 종양에 대한 높은 누적 선량은 국소지역 조절률(LRC) 향상과 독립적으로 연관되었으며, 2년 OS는 61.5%로 보고되었습니다. 그러나 원격 전이가 주요 실패 양상이었으며, 기침혈(hemoptysis)이 주요 안전성 우려 사항으로 확인되었습니다.

Abstract

This study aimed to escalate the dose to the residual primary tumor with an adaptive stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) boost after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to explore, within this cohort, whether a higher cumulative dose to the residual primary was associated with better locoregional control (LRC) and whether this translated into a difference in overall survival (OS). In this single-center, prospective, single-arm cohort, 51 patients received concurrent CRT (50 Gy/25 fractions with weekly carboplatin and paclitaxel) followed by an adaptive boost (30 Gy/5 fractions to the residual primary, 10 Gy/5 fractions to residual nodes), without consolidation durvalumab. Doses were summed by deformable registration and reported as EQD2. Response was assessed at 3 months with FDG-PET/CT (PERCIST), and toxicity with CTCAE v5.0. Outcomes estimated by Kaplan-Meier; predictors by Cox regression. At a median follow-up of 26 months, 2-year OS and LRC were 61.5% and 62.8%. The median PFS and DMFS were 13 and 16 months, and distant metastasis was the dominant failure pattern (41.2%). Cumulative dose below 94.77 Gy (EQD2) to the residual primary independently predicted worse LRC (HR 5.86), and a 3-month locoregional SUVmax ≥4.55 predicted worse LRC (HR 5.04). OS was independently associated with residual nodal volume, 3...

Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of multiple myeloma, version 2.0.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-06
• Screened: 2026-11-08 03:04 KST
• PMID: 42994960
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42994960/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-016142
• Tags: Multiple Myeloma, Immunotherapy, SITC Guidelines, Clinical Practice Guideline, Hematologic Malignancy, Oncology
• Open access (OA/gold): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 논문은 Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer(SITC)가 발행한 다발성 골수종 면역치료 임상 실무 지침의 2.0 버전입니다. 최신 치료 데이터와 전문가 합의를 바탕으로 한 표준화된 치료 알고리즘을 제시합니다. 이는 혈액암 종양학 분야에서 면역치료의 최적 적용 방안을 정의하는 데 중요한 기준이 됩니다.

Abstract

not available

Multi-omics reveals PCSK9 induces precursor-like macrophage M2 polarization to exacerbate immunosuppression in peritoneal metastasis.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.85
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-06
• Screened: 2026-11-08 03:04 KST
• PMID: 42994961
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42994961/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-016573
• Tags: PCSK9, M2 polarization, peritoneal metastasis, immunosuppression, macrophage, multi-omics, tumor microenvironment
• Open access (OA/gold): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 복막 전이 종양 미세환경에서 PCSK9가 precursor-like M2 대식세포 분화를 유도하여 면역억제를 강화한다는 사실을 발견했습니다. Multi-omics 분석을 통해 이 기전을 규명함으로써, PCSK9를 표적으로 한 새로운 항암 면역치료 전략의 가능성을 제시합니다. 이는 특히 난치성 복막 전이 환자의 치료 옵션 확대에 중요한 기여가 될 수 있습니다.

Abstract

not available

High-dose reirradiation of in-field recurrence lung cancer in the THOrax (RETHO): toxicity analysis of a prospective trial.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-02
• Screened: 2026-11-06 10:13 KST
• PMID: 42971440
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42971440/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2026.10.021
• Tags: lung cancer, reirradiation, toxicity analysis, radiation pneumonitis, dosimetry, stereotactic radiotherapy, phase II trial
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가04386-5/pdf)

Screening brief

RETHO 시험은 이전에 방사선 치료를 받은 폐암 재발 환자들에게 고선량 재방사선치료를 적용한 전향적 연구입니다. 연구 결과, 기관지, 식도 및 척수 등 위험 장기(Organs at Risk)의 누적 선량 제한을 준수할 때 치유적 목적의 재방사선치료는 안전하고 실행 가능함이 확인되었습니다. 특히 4-5급 중증 독성은 보고되지 않았으며, 2-3급 방사선 폐렴은 누적 폐 V20 및 평균 폐 선량과 유의미한 상관관계가 있었습니다.

Abstract

This prospective phase II XXX trial evaluated high-dose thoracic reirradiation for in-field recurrent lung cancer while respecting the cumulative dose to the organs at risk. Here, we report the toxicity and dosimetric results of the XXX trial. Patients with recurrent lung cancer within 5cm of the previously irradiated high-dose region (50Gy10 EQD2) were eligible. Patients were treated in a radical setting (≥45Gy10 EQD2) using conventionally (chemo)radiotherapy or stereotactic radiotherapy. Cumulative dose constraints were: tracheobronchial tree Dmax 110Gy3 EQD2, esophagus Dmax 100Gy3 EQD2 and spinal cord Dmax 75Gy3 EQD2. All doses were converted to EQD2 using α/β values of 10Gy (Gy10) for the tumor or acute effects and 3Gy for late effects (Gy3). Sixty patients were included. Thirty-eight patients were reirradiated with conventionally (chemo)radiotherapy most commonly 50Gy in 25 fractions or 60Gy in 30 fractions, while 22 patients received stereotactic radiotherapy most commonly 52.5Gy in 7 fractions. After a median follow-up of 26 months, no grade 4-5 toxicity was reported. Ten patients (17%) experienced grade 3 toxicity, including 7 cases of radiation pneumonitis. Dosimetric data were available for 59 patients. Median prescribed reirradiation dose was 60Gy10 EQD2, resulting in a median cumulative PTV Dmax of 130Gy10 EQD2. The cumulative esophagus dose exceeded 80Gy3 in 20 pa...

Enhanced melanoma-specific cytotoxic T-cell expansion and the clinical outcomes with simlukafusp alfa and pembrolizumab following checkpoint inhibitor progression.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.85
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-02
• Screened: 2026-11-06 10:13 KST
• PMID: 42971725
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42971725/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-015065
• Tags: melanoma, simlukafusp alfa, pembrolizumab, cytotoxic T-cell, checkpoint inhibitor progression, immunotherapy
• Open access (OA/gold): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 checkpoint inhibitor 치료에 실패한 melanoma 환자들을 대상으로 simlukafusp alfa와 pembrolizumab의 병용 요법을 평가합니다. 논문은 이 조합이 melanoma-specific cytotoxic T-cell의 확장을 촉진하고 임상적 결과를 개선할 수 있음을 시사합니다. 이는 refractory melanoma 치료 전략 개발에 중요한 통찰을 제공합니다.

Abstract

not available

CD39, CD73, and CD38 track tumor burden and reveal immune remodeling during mogamulizumab therapy in Sézary syndrome.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.85
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-02
• Screened: 2026-11-06 10:12 KST
• PMID: 42971726
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42971726/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-016705
• Tags: Sézary syndrome, mogamulizumab, CD39, CD73, CD38, immune remodeling, biomarkers, immunotherapy
• Open access (OA/gold): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 Sézary syndrome 환자에서 mogamulizumab 치료 중 CD39, CD73, CD38 발현이 종양 부담(tumor burden)을 추적하고 면역 재구성(immune remodeling)을 반영함을 보여줍니다. 이러한 바이오마커들은 치료 반응 예측 및 모니터링에 유용한 지표가 될 수 있습니다. 이는 cutaneous T-cell lymphoma의 정밀 의학 접근법에 기여합니다.

Abstract

not available

Neoadjuvant botensilimab with or without balstilimab in pMMR and dMMR colon cancer: the phase 2 UNICORN trial.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Nature medicine
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-02
• Screened: 2026-11-06 10:12 KST
• PMID: 42972108
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42972108/
• DOI: 10.1038/s41591-026-04710-1
• Tags: neoadjuvant therapy, colon cancer, pMMR, dMMR, botensilimab, balstilimab, radiomics, ctDNA
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

UNICORN 시험은 pMMR 및 dMMR 대장암 환자에서 neoadjuvant botensilimab 단독 또는 balstilimab 병용 요법의 효과를 평가했습니다. 연구 결과, pMMR 환자에서도 BOT + BAL 조합이 유의미한 pathological major response를 유도하여 기존에 ICI에 내성으로 여겨졌던 집단에 대한 새로운 치료 전략을 제시합니다. 또한 radiomics 및 ctDNA dynamics와 같은 다중 오믹스 데이터를 통해 치료 반응 예측 biomarker를 규명했습니다.

Abstract

Preoperative immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are active in patients with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) colon cancer (CC), whereas proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) CC has been consistently considered resistant to first-generation ICIs. In the phase 2 UNICORN trial, we evaluated short-course preoperative botensilimab (BOT; multifunctional Fc-enhanced anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody) alone or in combination with the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody balstilimab (BOT + BAL) in 56 patients with resectable, locally advanced CC. Twenty-eight patients with pMMR CC were sequentially enrolled in BOT (n = 14) and BOT + BAL (n = 14) cohorts. Twenty-eight patients with dMMR CC followed the same sequential allocation strategy. The primary endpoint of centrally assessed pathological major response (pMR) rate (≤10% of residual viable tumor) was met in all cohorts, except pMMR BOT. Specifically, the pMR rate was 0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0-23.2%) in pMMR BOT, 36% (95% CI: 12.8-64.9%) in pMMR BOT + BAL, 36% (95% CI: 12.8-64.9%) in dMMR BOT and 100% (95% CI: 76.8-100%) in dMMR BOT + BAL. Secondary endpoints included safety, quality of life, describing treatment-induced transcriptional dynamics, peripheral blood mononuclear cell dynamics, radiomics and radiogenomics features, fecal microbiota composition and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) dynamics. Eight (29%) and 15 (54%) patients tre...

An integrated MRI-pathology model for predicting response to TACE combined with targeted therapy and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: biomedical-imaging
• Journal: European radiology
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-03
• Screened: 2026-11-06 10:11 KST
• PMID: 42975707
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42975707/
• DOI: 10.1007/s00330-026-12982-x
• Tags: Hepatocellular carcinoma, TACE, MRI radiomics, Pathomics, Treatment response prediction, Machine learning model, Single-cell RNA sequencing

Screening brief

이 연구는 비절제 가능한 간세포암(HCC) 환자에서 TACE, 표적 치료, 면역 요법을 결합한 복합 요법의 치료 반응을 예측하기 위해 MRI habitat radiomics와 병리 whole-slide images(pathomics)를 통합한 IMPRESS 모델을 개발했습니다. 다기관 후향적 연구 결과, 해당 모델은 훈련 및 검증 코호트에서 높은 AUC(0.957, 0.878)를 달성했으며, 예측된 반응군과 비반응군 간 전체 생존율(OS)에 유의한 차이를 보였습니다. 단일 세포 RNA 시퀀싱 분석을 통해 모델 예측의 생물학적 근거인 면역 및 증식 패턴의 차이를 확인했습니다. 이 통합 모델은 TACE 기반 삼중 요법의 치료 전 반응 분류와 위험 계층화, 그리고 향후 모니터링 강도나 대체 치료 결정에 유용한 도구가 될 수 있습니다.

Abstract

The efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus targeted therapy and immunotherapy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited by variable responses. We aimed to develop and validate an integrated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-pathology model for response prediction and survival stratification (IMPRESS), which combines pretreatment MRI habitat radiomics and paired biopsy whole-slide images (WSIs) pathomics. This multicenter, retrospective study enrolled patients with unresectable HCC receiving TACE plus targeted therapy and immunotherapy from January 2019 to December 2024. Eligibility required pretreatment MRI and paired biopsy WSIs within 1 month before therapy, Child-Pugh class A/B, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≤ 1, and at least one measurable intrahepatic lesion ≥ 1 cm. Patients with missing or poor-quality MRI or WSIs, prior locoregional or systemic HCC therapy, second malignancy, ECOG ≥ 2, or incomplete data were excluded. Habitat MRI radiomics, WSI pathomics, and clinical features were integrated into IMPRESS. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Single-cell analysis was performed to explore the biological basis of the IMPRESS predictions. Among 231 patients, 94 (40.7%) achieved a treatment response. IMPRESS achieved AUCs of 0.957 (95% CI: 0.9...

Lung Transplant for Lung-Limited Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-Reply.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.85
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: JAMA
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-04
• Screened: 2026-11-06 10:09 KST
• PMID: 42981057
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42981057/
• DOI: 10.1001/jama.2026.18901
• Tags: NSCLC, Lung Transplant, Stage IV Cancer, Surgical Oncology, JAMA, Reply Letter

Screening brief

이 논문은 Lung-Limited Stage IV NSCLC 환자에게 Lung Transplant을 적용하는 것에 대한 논의를 포함합니다. JAMA라는 권위 있는 저널에 게재되어 있어 임상적 중요성이 높습니다. 특히 종양학 및 이식 의학의 경계 영역에서 치료 전략의 변화를 시사합니다.

Abstract

not available

Lung Transplant for Lung-Limited Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: JAMA
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-04
• Screened: 2026-11-06 10:09 KST
• PMID: 42981077
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42981077/
• DOI: 10.1001/jama.2026.18898
• Tags: NSCLC, Lung Transplant, Stage IV Cancer, JAMA, Oncology, Surgical Treatment

Screening brief

이 연구는 폐로 국한된 Stage IV NSCLC 환자에서 Lung Transplant의 임상적 유용성을 평가합니다. JAMA라는 권위 있는 저널에 게재되어 있어 치료 가이드라인 변경에 중요한 근거가 될 수 있습니다. 기존에는 전이성 폐암에 대한 이식 치료가 제한적이었으나, 본 연구는 새로운 치료 옵션으로서의 가능성을 제시합니다.

Abstract

not available

Radiologic phenotype and the size dependence of adverse histologic features and recurrence in resected lung adenocarcinoma.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: biomedical-imaging
• Journal: Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-01
• Screened: 2026-11-06 10:08 KST
• PMID: 42981822
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42981822/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2026.109676
• Tags: lung adenocarcinoma, CT imaging, STAS, part-solid nodule, recurrence risk, TNM classification, radiologic phenotype
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가00737-3/pdf)

Screening brief

이 연구는 절제된 폐 선암 환자 3857명을 대상으로 CT 측정 크기와 조직병리학적 특징 간의 관계를 분석했습니다. 부분 고체 종양과 고체 종양에서 고등급 패턴, micropapillary 구성 요소 및 STAS의 발생 빈도가 종양 크기에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지를 규명했습니다. 특히 동일한 고체 성분 크기에서도 고체 종양이 부분 고체 종양보다 재발 위험(CIR)이 현저히 높음을 확인하여, 방사선학적 표현형에 따른 위험 평가의 중요성을 강조합니다.

Abstract

The eighth edition TNM classification measures part-solid lung adenocarcinoma by the solid component alone. We examined whether CT-measured size carries the same pathologic and prognostic meaning in part-solid and solid adenocarcinoma. We retrospectively analyzed 3857 consecutive patients with resected non-mucinous lung adenocarcinoma (2011-2022), using phenotype and size from preoperative CT reports. Shape-constrained additive models estimated the size-dependent prevalence of seven adverse features, including high-grade (HG) patterns, micropapillary component and spread through air spaces (STAS). Five-year cumulative incidence of recurrence (CIR) was estimated with death as a competing risk. Tumors were part-solid in 2100 and solid in 1757 patients. In part-solid tumors, HG patterns, micropapillary component and STAS rose most steeply at 1.25-1.36 cm of total size (0.85-0.93 cm of solid component); in solid tumors, HG patterns and STAS were already frequent at the smallest measured sizes. Lymphovascular, pleural and nodal involvement became prevalent at larger sizes in both phenotypes. Among 3580 patients analyzed for recurrence (467 recurrences; median follow-up, 56.6 months), solid tumors had higher CIR than part-solid tumors within each matched solid-component size stratum (feature-present tumors > 2.5 cm: 42.7% vs 19.6%). In part-solid tumors, 5-year CIR was 1.4% when HG...

Harnessing inflammatory monocytes to overcome resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.90
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-04
• Screened: 2026-11-06 10:07 KST
• PMID: 42982509
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42982509/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-015096
• Tags: anti-PD-1, immunotherapy resistance, inflammatory monocytes, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer immunology
• Open access (OA/gold): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 anti-PD-1 면역요법에 대한 내성을 가진 암 환자들을 위한 새로운 치료 접근법을 제시합니다. inflammatory monocytes를 조절하여 종양 미세환경을 변화시키고, 면역 반응의 효과를 증대시키는 메커니즘을 규명했습니다. 이는 현재 표준 치료로 반응하지 않는 환자들에게 희망적인 대안을 제공할 수 있습니다.

Abstract

not available

Antiviral humoral immunity as biomarker and effector in oncolytic adenovirus TILT-123 therapy.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.90
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-04
• Screened: 2026-11-06 10:07 KST
• PMID: 42982510
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42982510/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-016430
• Tags: oncolytic adenovirus, TILT-123, antiviral humoral immunity, biomarker, immunotherapy, Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Open access (OA/gold): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 TILT-123이라는 종양溶解성 아데노바이러스 요법에서 항바이러스 체액성 면역의 역할을 분석합니다. 연구 결과, 이러한 면역 반응이 치료 효과의 biomarker이자 직접적인 effector로 작용함을 시사합니다. 이는 향후 환자별 치료 반응을 예측하고 최적화하는 데 중요한 근거가 될 수 있습니다.

Abstract

not available

Perioperative ivonescimab with or without chemotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer: a phase 2 trial.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Nature medicine
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-04
• Screened: 2026-11-06 10:07 KST
• PMID: 42982996
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42982996/
• DOI: 10.1038/s41591-026-04745-4
• Tags: NSCLC, ivonescimab, perioperative therapy, MPR, Phase 2 trial, neoadjuvant, adjuvant
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 재sectable NSCLC 환자에서 perioperative ivonescimab 단독 또는 항암제 병용 요법의 효과를 평가했습니다. 주요 엔드포인트인 MPR rate가 cohort 2에서 70.1%로 역사적 대조군을 크게 상회하여 primary endpoint를 달성했습니다. 이는 ivonescimab 기반 perioperative 전략이 재sectable NSCLC 치료에서 유망한 옵션임을 시사합니다.

Abstract

Resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carries a high risk of postoperative recurrence, underscoring the need for effective perioperative therapies. This nonrandomized, noncomparative phase 2 trial evaluated neoadjuvant ivonescimab monotherapy (cohort 1) or in combination with chemotherapy (cohort 2), followed by surgery and adjuvant ivonescimab. In cohort 2, the major pathological response (MPR) rate was 70.1% (47/67; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 57.7-80.7); the lower bound of the 80% two-sided CI exceeded the historical control rate of 41% and the primary endpoint was met. The MPR rate in cohort 1 was 60.0% (6/10; 95% CI = 26.2-87.8). Among patients who achieved MPR, 83.3% (5/6) in cohort 1 and 97.9% (46/47) in cohort 2 had residual viable tumor (RVT) of ≤5%, respectively. Grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events (AEs) occurred in 36.4% (4/11) patients in cohort 1 and 30.4% (24/79) of those in cohort 2, with no grade 3 or higher hemorrhage or treatment-related death. Treatment-related surgery delay occurred in one (1.3%) patient. Surgery-related AEs related to ivonescimab occurred in 10.0% (1/10) and 10.4% (7/67) patients in the two cohorts, respectively, with no grade 3 or higher events reported. These data support perioperative ivonescimab with or without chemotherapy as a promising strategy for resectable NSCLC. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT0524768...

Saline tract sealing to reduce pneumothorax rates following CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: biomedical-imaging
• Journal: European radiology
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-05
• Screened: 2026-11-06 10:06 KST
• PMID: 42986400
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42986400/
• DOI: 10.1007/s00330-026-12977-8
• Tags: CT-guided biopsy, pneumothorax prevention, saline tract sealing, meta-analysis, interventional radiology, complication management

Screening brief

이 연구는 CT 유도 경피 폐 생검 후 발생하는 pneumothorax를 줄이기 위한 saline tract sealing 기법의 효과를 평가한 systematic review 및 meta-analysis입니다. 분석 결과, sealant 사용군이 pneumothorax 발생률(RR 0.58)과 chest drain 삽입률(RR 0.30)에서 통계적으로 유의미한 감소를 보였습니다. 이는 시술의 안전성을 높일 수 있는 간단하고 저비용인 전략임을 시사합니다.

Abstract

Pneumothorax remains the most common complication following CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy, increasing morbidity and healthcare utilisation. Saline tract sealing has been proposed as a simple technique to reduce the risk of pneumothorax, but its effectiveness remains unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched for studies evaluating saline tract sealing following CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model for pneumothorax and chest drain insertion. The search identified 151 articles, of which 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Ten studies (one randomised controlled trial and nine observational studies) comprising 2252 patients compared saline tract sealing with no sealant and were included in the meta-analysis. One study used an alternative sealant comparator and was synthesised narratively. Saline tract sealing was associated with a significant reduction in pneumothorax (RR 0.58, 95% CI: 0.42-0.80; I² = 82%) and chest drain insertion (RR 0.30, 95% CI: 0.15-0.61; I² = 55%). These findings remained robust on sensitivity analysis excluding studies incorporating rapid patient rollover as a co-intervention, with persistent reductions in pneumothorax (RR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.33-0.78) and che...

HB0025 With Chemotherapy for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase 2 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: JAMA oncology
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-05
• Screened: 2026-11-06 10:06 KST
• PMID: 42986615
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42986615/
• DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4455
• Tags: NSCLC, HB0025, Bispecific Antibody, PD-L1/VEGF, Chemotherapy, Phase 2 Trial, JAMA Oncology

Screening brief

HB0025는 PD-L1과 VEGF를 동시에 표적하는 새로운 이특이항체입니다. 본 연구는 driver variant-negative 진행성 NSCLC 환자에서 HB0025와 화학요법을 병용한 Phase 2 임상시험 결과를 보고합니다. 비소세포 및 편평상피 세포암 하위군 모두에서 유의미한 ORR과 PFS 개선을 보여주며, 안전성 프로파일도 관리 가능한 수준으로 확인되었습니다.

Abstract

Bispecific antibodies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathways represent a promising therapeutic strategy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). HB0025 is a novel bispecific antibody fusion targeting PD-L1 and VEGF. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of HB0025 plus chemotherapy in previously untreated advanced, driver variant-negative NSCLC. This open-label, multicenter, phase 2 nonrandomized clinical trial enrolled patients with stage IIIB/C or IV NSCLC without sensitizing EGFR, ALK, or ROS1 alterations across 13 hospitals in China. Participants included those with nonsquamous NSCLC and squamous NSCLC. Patients were enrolled from January 15, 2024, to May 21, 2025. Data cutoff was April 20, 2026. Patients received intravenous 10-mg/kg HB0025 every 3 weeks or 20-mg/kg HB0025 every 3 weeks plus chemotherapy: pemetrexed/carboplatin for nonsquamous and paclitaxel/carboplatin for squamous for up to 6 cycles, followed by HB0025 maintenance (with pemetrexed for nonsquamous) until disease progression or unacceptable toxic effects. The primary end points were safety and investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1. The secondary end points included disease control rate, duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS),...

HB0025, a Novel Anti-PD-L1/VEGF Trap Bispecific Antibody Plus Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: JAMA oncology
• Publication date: 2026-Nov-05
• Screened: 2026-11-06 10:05 KST
• PMID: 42986617
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42986617/
• DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4373
• Tags: NSCLC, HB0025, Anti-PD-L1, VEGF Trap, Bispecific Antibody, Chemotherapy, JAMA Oncology

Screening brief

HB0025는 PD-L1과 VEGF를 동시에 표적하는 새로운 Bispecific Antibody입니다. 이 연구는 고도 NSCLC 환자에서 HB0025와 화학요법을 병용한 치료의 효능과 안전성을 평가합니다. 이는 기존 면역항암제 요법에 비해 더 나은 임상 결과를 제공할 수 있는 잠재력을 시사합니다.

Abstract

not available

Influence of virtual dynamic contrast enhanced breast MRI on lesion size, BI-RADS scores and reader confidence.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: biomedical-imaging
• Journal: European radiology
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-17
• Screened: 2026-10-25 03:14 KST
• PMID: 42891709
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42891709/
• DOI: 10.1007/s00330-026-12953-2
• Tags: Breast MRI, Virtual DCE, Deep Learning, BI-RADS, Contrast-free imaging, Diagnostic accuracy, Radiomics
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 조영제 투여의 부담을 줄이기 위한 딥러닝 기반 가상 DCE MRI의 임상적 유용성을 평가했습니다. 표준 DCE MRI와 비교했을 때 진단 정확도는 유사했으나, 민감도가 약간 낮고 판독자 신뢰도에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났습니다. 현재 vDCE는 제한된 진단 성능을 보이며 추가 최적화와 검증이 필요하지만, 선택적인 유방 영상 지표로서 잠재력을 가진다고 결론지었습니다.

Abstract

Breast MRI routinely uses gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) for dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging. However, GBCA administration entails periprocedural effort and environmental impact, prompting exploration of contrast-agent-free approaches. Deep learning-based virtual DCE (vDCE) offers a potential solution. This study evaluated vDCE against multiparametric DCE protocols, focusing on BI-RADS, background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), and lesion size. This IRB-approved retrospective study included 592 3 T examinations divided into training, validation, and test sets. A 2D U-Net generated vDCE series from unenhanced T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and diffusion-weighted acquisitions. Two board-certified radiologists evaluated vDCE and DCE examinations using a BI-RADS-adapted reading protocol. Diagnostic and ordinal outcomes were compared using McNemar and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with Bonferroni correction. Mean BI-RADS-based diagnostic accuracy was 76% for vDCE and 77% for DCE. Mean sensitivity was 92% vs 96%, and mean specificity was 65% vs 64%, respectively, without significant differences (both readers, p = 1.0). The mean paired lesion-size difference (DCE minus vDCE) was -2.2 mm in the holdout test set and 0.5 mm in the secondary test set. BPE (R1 p = 1.0; R2 p = 1.0) and artefact ratings (R1 p = 1.0; R2 p = 1.0) did not differ significantly. Reader confidence was h...

Exercise as anticancer medicine? Evidence, mechanisms and implementation in oncology.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Cancer treatment reviews
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-13
• Screened: 2026-10-25 03:13 KST
• PMID: 42892179
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42892179/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103222
• Tags: Exercise Oncology, Adjuvant Therapy, Survival Benefit, Mechanisms of Action, Clinical Guidelines, Cancer Prevention

Screening brief

이 리뷰는 규칙적인 신체 활동이 다양한 암의 발생률과 사망률을 낮추는 것과 관련된 광범위한 관찰 연구 데이터를 요약합니다. 특히 2025년 진행된 3상 임상시험은 대장암 환자에서 구조화된 운동 프로그램이 무병 생존율과 전체 생존율을 개선한다는 최초의 무작위 통제 증거를 제시했습니다. 또한 인슐린 신호 전달, 마이오카인 분비 및 면역 조절 등 운동의 항암 기전을 설명하며, 현재 임상 현장에 이를 통합하기 위한 장벽과 해결 방안을 논의합니다.

Abstract

Research over the past two decades has repositioned exercise from a general lifestyle recommendation to a potential anticancer intervention. Pooled analyses of more than 1.4 million participants link regular physical activity with lower incidence of at least 13 tumour types, and prospective cohort data report cancer-specific mortality 24-31% lower among the most active patients with breast, colorectal, prostate and lung cancer, although these estimates derive from observational designs using self-reported activity. In 2025, a phase III trial in stage III colon cancer provided the first randomised evidence that a structured exercise and behaviour-change programme improves disease-free and overall survival after adjuvant chemotherapy; a randomised trial in ovarian cancer subsequently did not show a progression-free survival benefit. Candidate mechanisms include insulin and growth-factor signalling, myokine secretion, immune mobilisation, reduced chronic inflammation and gut microbiome remodelling, although these rest on evidence ranging from cell culture to human trials and are rarely distinguished by level. Despite this evidence, structural, educational and economic barriers prevent integration of exercise into routine oncology care. This Review synthesises the available evidence and identifies the steps required for clinical adoption.

Lung Cancer Screening Rates Remain Low Among Adults Aged 50-54 Years Despite Updated USPSTF Recommendations.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.85
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Chest
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-17
• Screened: 2026-10-25 03:13 KST
• PMID: 42892348
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42892348/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2026.10.011
• Tags: Lung Cancer Screening, USPSTF Guidelines, Health Disparities, Preventive Medicine, Epidemiology, Chest Journal

Screening brief

이 연구는 USPSTF의 폐암 선별검사 연령 기준 변경 이후에도 50-54세 인구 집단에서 검사율이 여전히 낮은 현실을 지적합니다. 이는 새로운 가이드라인이 실제 임상 현장과 공중보건 시스템에 어떻게 적용되고 있는지를 평가하는 데 중요한 통찰을 제공합니다. 특히 고위험군 조기 발견을 위한 정책 개선을 위한 근거 자료로 가치가 있습니다.

Abstract

not available

Multi-omics liquid biopsy for leptomeningeal metastases in lung cancer: from molecular mechanisms to precision diagnosis and treatment.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-17
• Screened: 2026-10-25 03:12 KST
• PMID: 42893629
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42893629/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2026.109667
• Tags: liquid biopsy, leptomeningeal metastasis, lung cancer, ctDNA, circulating tumor cells, CSF analysis, precision medicine

Screening brief

폐암 환자의 뇌막 전이는 예후가 나쁘며 기존 MRI와 CSF 세포학의 민감도가 낮아 진단이 어렵습니다. 본 리뷰는 CSF 기반 ctDNA 및 CTC를 포함한 liquid biopsy가 초기 진단과 치료 모니터링에서 기존 방법보다 우수한 성능을 보임을 강조합니다. 또한 다중 오믹스 데이터의 통합을 통해 개인화된 정밀 치료를 가능하게 하는 잠재력과 임상적 적용 방향을 제시합니다.

Abstract

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), a serious complication of advanced lung cancer, poses significant challenges in both clinical diagnosis and treatment monitoring, and is associated with a poor prognosis. Conventional diagnostic methods include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology; however, their sensitivity is limited, particularly in the early stages of the disease. Against this backdrop, liquid biopsy has emerged as a minimally invasive and practical approach for molecular assessment and longitudinal monitoring of LM. Recent studies have reported that, in selected cohorts of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and LM, CSF-derived circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detects driver and resistance-associated alterations more frequently than paired plasma, while epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-based CSF circulating tumor cell (CTC) assays have reported sensitivities of 76%-100% and specificities of 84%-100%, compared with a first-lumbar-puncture sensitivity of 44%-67% for conventional CSF cytology. These performance estimates should be interpreted in the context of selected cohorts and heterogeneous reference frameworks. Furthermore, cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor cell (CSF-CTC) burden holds prognostic value, with higher CTC levels associated with p...

PCSK9 drives acquired resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy through cystine metabolic reprogramming in lung cancer.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-20
• Screened: 2026-10-25 03:12 KST
• PMID: 42901717
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42901717/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-015974
• Tags: lung cancer, anti-PD-1, PCSK9, immunotherapy resistance, metabolic reprogramming, cystine metabolism
• Open access (OA/gold): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 폐암 세포에서 PCSK9가 cystine 대사 재프로그래밍을 유도하여 anti-PD-1 면역요법에 대한 획득 내성을 일으킨다는 사실을 밝혔습니다. 이는 기존 면역치료 실패의 새로운 생물학적 기전을 제시하며, PCSK9를 표적으로 한 병용 치료 전략의 가능성을 시사합니다. 따라서 폐암 면역항암제 연구 및 대사 재프로그래밍 관련 문헌에 필수적인 자료입니다.

Abstract

not available

Neutrophil-epithelial niches arrest B-cell maturation in dysfunctional tertiary lymphoid structures of gastric cancer neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-20
• Screened: 2026-10-25 03:11 KST
• PMID: 42901719
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42901719/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-016301
• Tags: gastric cancer, tertiary lymphoid structures, spatial transcriptomics, neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy, B-cell maturation, neutrophil niche, biomarker, immune ecology
• Open access (PMC): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 위암 신보조 면역화학요법에서 Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS)의 단순한 존재 여부보다 그 기능적 상태가 치료 반응을 결정함을 밝혔다. 특히, Neutrophil-epithelial niches가 B-cell의 NF-κB 신호 전달을 억제하여 TLS 기능을 저하시키는 메커니즘을 규명했다. 이를 바탕으로 개발된 TLS Response Index는 기존 지표보다 생존율을 더 정확히 예측하며, 새로운 치료 표적을 제시한다.

Abstract

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are widely viewed as favorable in cancer immunotherapy, yet their clinical impact varies dramatically, and the local determinants of TLS quality remain poorly defined. We integrated spatial transcriptomics, matched single-cell RNA sequencing, multiplex tissue imaging, in vitro perturbation assays, orthogonal spatial-proteomic validation, and external bulk transcriptomic cohorts encompassing more than 1100 patients to define TLS functional states and their associated immune-ecological determinants in gastric cancer. We identify a single fate-determining TLS subtype in which response-divergent germinal-center and plasma-cell trajectories unfold. In non-responders, B cells arrest at a naive/antigen-presenting state through collapse of a mid-trajectory NF-κB licensing module. This arrest is imposed by a coupled peri-TLS niche of FCN1_neutrophils and an ATF4-driven, immunologically silent tumor-epithelial state. Neutrophils deliver two convergent suppressive arms: contact-dependent TRAIL-caspase-8-RIP1 cleavage and an EGR1-DGUOK-uric-acid metabolic-stress axis-both targeting B-cell NF-κB licensing, while adjacent ATF4-driven epithelium compounds the block through serine and purine competition. Translating this logic into a bulk-transcriptomics-compatible two-axis framework, three TLS Immuno-Ecological Archetypes stratify immunotherapy response (fu...

Tarloxotinib targets tumor hypoxia to improve therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition in a MyD88-dependent manner.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.85
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-21
• Screened: 2026-10-25 03:11 KST
• PMID: 42906944
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42906944/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2025-013057
• Tags: Tarloxotinib, Immune checkpoint inhibition, Tumor hypoxia, MyD88, Cancer immunotherapy, Therapeutic efficacy
• Open access (OA/gold): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 Tarloxotinib가 종양 저산소증을 표적으로 삼아 면역관문억제제의 치료 효능을 MyD88 의존성 방식으로 개선할 수 있음을 보여줍니다. 이는 기존 면역치료에 반응하지 않는 환자들에게 새로운 조합 요법 전략을 제시합니다. 특히 종양 미세환경의 산소 농도와 면역 반응 간의 상호작용을 규명했다는 점에서 임상적 의미가 큽니다.

Abstract

not available

Rilvegostomig Plus Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan for Early-Stage Breast Cancer: The I-SPY2.2 Randomized Clinical Trial.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: JAMA oncology
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-22
• Screened: 2026-10-25 03:10 KST
• PMID: 42911610
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42911610/
• DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4258
• Tags: breast cancer, T-DXd, rilvegostomig, neoadjuvant therapy, pCR, I-SPY2.2, ERBB2-low
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

I-SPY2.2 시험은 고위험 초기 유방암 환자에서 T-DXd와 rilvegostomig의 병용 요법을 평가했습니다. 면역 양성 종양 하위 집단에서 높은 pCR률을 달성하며, 많은 환자가 표준 화학요법 및 안트라사이클린 사용을 피할 수 있음을 보여주었습니다. 이는 바이오마커 기반의 맞춤형 치료 전략의 유효성을 지지하는 중요한 발견입니다.

Abstract

The I-SPY2.2 trial tests personalized treatment strategies to improve outcomes while reducing exposure to standard chemotherapy in patients with high-risk early breast cancer (EBC). To evaluate the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab-deruxtecan (T-DXd), an antibody drug conjugate targeting low ERBB2 (formerly HER2) expression, combined with rilvegostomig (R), a bispecific antibody targeting programmed cell death 1 protein and T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain as initial therapy in I-SPY2.2 (RT-DXd). This phase 2, multicenter, adaptively randomized neoadjuvant trial enrolled patients with high-risk stage II/III ERBB2-negative EBC (including those with ERBB2 low/ultralow tumors), as stratified by hormone receptor (HR) status and response-predictive subtypes. It was conducted at 30 sites in the US; efficacy data were analyzed continuously during the trial to update probabilities and other analyses before publication. Participants received up to 3 sequential treatment blocks, based on response and subtype: RT-DXd (block A), taxane-based therapy with/without immunotherapy (block B), and doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide (AC) with/without immunotherapy (block C). The primary end point was pathologic complete response (pCR). Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs), with focused monitoring for interstitial lung disease (ILD). A total of 182 individuals (mean [SD] age: RT-DXd, 4...

Real-world effectiveness and safety of lurbinectedin in previously treated small cell lung cancer: results from Jazz EMERGE 402.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-13
• Screened: 2026-10-25 03:10 KST
• PMID: 42913071
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42913071/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2026.109644
• Tags: small cell lung cancer, lurbinectedin, real-world evidence, Phase 4 trial, overall survival, progression-free survival, safety profile
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 이전에 치료받은 소세포폐암 환자에서 lurbinectedin의 실제 임상 효과를 평가한 Jazz EMERGE 402 Phase 4 시험 결과를 제시합니다. 전체 반응률(ORR)은 29%였으며, 중위 무진행 생존기간(PFS)과 총생존기간(OS)은 각각 3.3개월과 7.6개월로 보고되었습니다. 뇌전이 및 백금저항성 질환 환자에서는 유효성이 낮았으나, 전반적으로 안전성은 관리 가능한 수준으로 확인되었습니다.

Abstract

In extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), lurbinectedin is approved for first-line maintenance treatment with atezolizumab and as monotherapy following disease progression, but prospective real-world data on its use are lacking. Jazz EMERGE 402 was a prospective, observational, phase 4 trial (NCT04894591) that evaluated lurbinectedin for previously treated SCLC in a diverse, real-world population. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR). Key secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. As of July 17, 2025, 267 patients received ≥ 1 lurbinectedin dose. At baseline, the median age was 67 years, 52 (19%) patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score ≥ 2, 67 (25%) had brain metastases, and 88 (33%) had platinum-resistant disease. ORR (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 29% (23%-36%) overall (n = 189) and 33% (25%-42%) in second-line treatment (n = 118). Patients with brain metastases had lower ORR (17% vs 32% without; odds ratio, 0.28 [95% CI: 0.10-0.76]). Median (95% CI) PFS and OS were 3.3 (2.6-4.1) and 7.6 (6.4-8.7) months. OS was shorter with platinum-resistant vs platinum-sensitive disease (5.8 vs 9.3 months; hazard ratio, 1.63 [95% CI: 1.17-2.28]). Eighty-eight (33%) patients had treatment-related adverse events, including anemia (8%) and neutropenia (7%); 21 (8%) discontinued treatment due to...

Role of maintaining the TKI backbone in oncogene-driven NSCLC after progression.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Cancer treatment reviews
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-20
• Screened: 2026-10-25 03:09 KST
• PMID: 42913138
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42913138/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103235
• Tags: NSCLC, TKI, EGFR, ALK, KRAS G12C, progression, maintenance therapy, resistance
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 리뷰는 oncogene-addicted NSCLC에서 진행 후 TKI 유지 치료의 효능과 한계를 평가합니다. EGFR-mutated NSCLC를 제외한 대부분의 driver에서는 고위험 증거가 부족하며, 특히 ALK와 KRAS G12C는 초기 단계 임상 시험 데이터에 의존합니다. 따라서 진행 패턴, 재생검 결과, CNS disease control 및 독성 프로필을 고려하여 개인화된 접근이 필요합니다.

Abstract

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have marked a turning point in the treatment of oncogene-addicted non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), offering unprecedented efficacy. Yet, most tumors eventually develop resistance and progress, often prompting discontinuation of the targeted agent and a switch to non-targeted therapies such as chemotherapy. We explored current evidence on maintaining inhibition of the oncogenic driver beyond progression in a narrative literature review through August 24, 2026, including clinical trials, retrospective analyses, case reports, case series, and preclinical models. Among all drivers, only EGFR-mutated NSCLC provided phase II/III evidence supporting maintenance of driver inhibition beyond progression. Combinations of EGFR-directed therapies with chemotherapy or MET inhibitors were associated with improved response rates and progression-free survival (PFS) compared with chemotherapy or MET inhibitor monotherapy, although these trials had several limitations. ALK and KRAS G12C evidence was limited to early-phase trials with small cohorts and modest clinical signals, while the remaining drivers (RET, METex14, NTRK, HER2, ROS1, BRAF, and EGFR exon 20) evidence was largely preclinical or anecdotal, making continuation experimental. Co-occurring resistance mechanisms, heterogeneous tumor evolution, and potential additive toxicity complicate interpretati...

Determinants of lung cancer screening follow-up care in community care settings: A qualitative multi-case study in the ACCELL trial.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.85
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Chest
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-22
• Screened: 2026-10-25 03:09 KST
• PMID: 42913880
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42913880/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2026.10.019
• Tags: lung cancer screening, follow-up care, qualitative study, implementation research, ACCELL trial, healthcare delivery, patient adherence

Screening brief

폐암 선별검사의 사망률 감소 효과를 얻기 위해서는 후속 관리의 순응도가 필수적입니다. 본 연구는 ACCELL 시험을 기반으로 커뮤니티 의료 환경에서의 LCS 추적 관찰 장벽과 촉진 요인을 정성적으로 규명했습니다. 주요 발견으로는 주치의의 역할, 검사 과정의 복잡성, 사회경제적 요인 및 EHR 활용 등이 포함됩니다.

Abstract

Adherence to lung cancer screening (LCS) follow-up is essential to achieve mortality benefits from screening. However, population-based studies demonstrate follow-up is <50% in clinical settings. Determinants (barriers and facilitators) of LCS follow-up in community settings are under-studied. What are determinants of LCS follow-up in community settings? This qualitative multi-case study informed a pre-post intervention trial, testing pragmatic interventions to address LCS follow-up in community settings. We conducted rapid ethnographic assessments (REA) through virtual and in person site visits of LCS delivery in three community-based healthcare systems in Washington state. Additionally at the two future intervention sites, we conducted provider and patient interviews. Interview transcripts were analyzed using Rapid Group Analysis Process. All data were triangulated according to Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Framework domains. Twenty-eight organizational leaders, providers, and staff participated in REA. Thirty-one patients and 15 providers from the future intervention sites participated in interviews. Determinants of LCS follow-up in the intervention domain included role of primary care, LCS complexity and care process standardization. In the inner setting domain (organization and...

Diagnostic Contribution of Endobronchial Optical Coherence Tomography in the Multidisciplinary Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: biomedical-imaging
• Journal: Chest
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-22
• Screened: 2026-10-25 03:08 KST
• PMID: 42913881
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42913881/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2026.10.018
• Tags: Interstitial Lung Disease, Endobronchial Optical Coherence Tomography, Multidisciplinary Discussion, Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy, Diagnostic Confidence, Pulmonology, Medical Imaging
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 간질성 폐질환(ILD) 진단에서 내기관 광학 결합 단층촬영(EB-OCT)이 조직 검사(TBLC)와 유전자 분류기(EGC)를 보완하여 진단 신뢰도를 높임을 보여줍니다. 특히 TBLC가 비진단적인 경우에도 EB-OCT가 최종 다학제적 논의(MDD) 결과와 100% 일치하는 것으로 확인되었습니다. 이는 침습적 수술적 폐 생검의 대안으로서 저위험 영상 기법의 가치를 입증합니다.

Abstract

Less-invasive, lower-risk alternatives to surgical lung biopsy (SLB) have emerged for interstitial lung disease (ILD) diagnosis, such as transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) and Envisia Genomic Classifier (EGC), but suffer from limited sampling and simplified binomial classification, respectively. Endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) is a low-risk, large-volume bronchoscopic imaging modality with microscopic resolution, which accurately detects features and patterns for ILD diagnosis as previously validated against SLB. How does EB-OCT contribute to ILD diagnosis and diagnostic confidence at multidisciplinary discussion (MDD) when paired with clinically indicated TBLC and EGC? Patients with low-confidence ILD diagnosis clinically referred for both TBLC with EGC were enrolled to undergo concurrent EB-OCT imaging. Each modality was interpreted independently by blinded pathologists. Separate MDD sessions were conducted at two independent sites, including one without prior EB-OCT experience. Fifteen patients were included (9 male; mean age: 70.6 years) with final diagnoses of UIP/IPF (n=5), secondary UIP (n=2), and various non-UIP ILDs (n=8) in agreement at both MDDs. EB-OCT provided diagnostic data that was in agreement with final MDD diagnosis for 100% of subjects (15/15), including in the 40% of subjects (6/15) where TBLC was non-diagnostic. In the subjects wher...

Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment from within: intratumoral immunoadjuvants in cancer immunotherapy.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.85
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-22
• Screened: 2026-10-25 03:08 KST
• PMID: 42914562
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42914562/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-015165
• Tags: immunotherapy, tumor microenvironment, intratumoral injection, immunoadjuvants, cancer treatment, review article
• Open access (OA/gold): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 리뷰 논문은 종양 내부에 직접 주입되는 immunoadjuvants가 어떻게 tumor microenvironment를 변화시켜 면역 반응을 증진시키는지 설명합니다. 기존 전신성 치료의 한계를 극복할 수 있는 새로운 접근법을 제시하며, 향후 cancer immunotherapy 연구 방향에 중요한 시사점을 제공합니다.

Abstract

not available

Exosomal miR-3662 originating from M2-polarized macrophages facilitates cisplatin resistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells through inhibiting the IRF8/RASSF5 cascade and boosting autophagy.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-14
• Screened: 2026-10-25 03:07 KST
• PMID: 42914794
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42914794/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2026.109650
• Tags: lung adenocarcinoma, cisplatin resistance, exosomal miR-3662, M2 macrophages, IRF8/RASSF5 axis, autophagy, tumor microenvironment

Screening brief

이 연구는 폐선암 세포의 cisplatin 저항성이 M2 대식세포에서 유래한 exosomal miR-3662에 의해 촉진됨을 밝혔습니다. 기전적으로 miR-3662는 IRF8/RASSF5 신호 전달 경로를 억제하고 자가포식을 유도하여 종양 세포의 생존을 돕습니다. 이러한 발견은 platinum 저항성을 극복하기 위한 새로운 표적 치료 전략 개발에 중요한 근거를 제공합니다.

Abstract

Cisplatin (DDP) resistance remains a major obstacle in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This study investigates whether M2 macrophage‑derived exosomal miR‑3662 contributes to DDP resistance and uncovers the underlying mechanism. miR‑3662 was upregulated in LUAD tissues, further elevated in DDP‑resistant specimens and cell lines, and correlated with poor prognosis. Functionally, miR‑3662 overexpression enhanced DDP tolerance, clonogenicity, proliferation, and autophagy‑related activity while suppressing apoptosis; miR‑3662 inhibition reversed these effects. M2 macrophage exosomes transferred miR‑3662 into LUAD cells and promoted resistance, whereas GW4869 treatment or depletion of exosomal miR‑3662 attenuated this protection. Mechanistically, miR‑3662 directly bound the IRF8 3'UTR and reduced IRF8 protein expression. IRF8 occupied the RASSF5 promoter and activated its transcription. Consequently, miR‑3662‑mediated downregulation of the IRF8/RASSF5 axis induced cytoprotective autophagy. Restoration of IRF8 or RASSF5 counteracted M2‑exosome‑induced autophagy and resensitized cells to DDP. In xenograft models, targeting exosomal miR‑3662 restored IRF8/RASSF5 signaling, reduced autophagy markers, suppressed tumour growth, and improved DDP efficacy. These findings identify a novel microenvironment‑derived vesicular pathway where M2 macrophage exosomal miR‑3662 drives DDP resistance via I...

Bispecific dual T cell agonist invikafusp alfa in solid tumors: the phase 1/2 START-001 trial.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Nature medicine
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-23
• Screened: 2026-10-25 03:07 KST
• PMID: 42919963
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42919963/
• DOI: 10.1038/s41591-026-04711-0
• Tags: invikafusp alfa, solid tumors, T cell agonist, START-001 trial, immunotherapy, phase 1/2, cytokine release syndrome

Screening brief

Invikafusp alfa는 Vβ6/Vβ10 T 세포 아형을 선택적으로 표적하는 최초의 비특이적 이중 T 세포 작용제입니다. START-001 임상 시험은 이 약물이 면역 체크포인트 차단제에 내성이 있는 고형암 환자에서 수용 가능한 안전성 프로필과 초기 항종양 활성을 보임을 입증했습니다. 특히 미세위성 안정 대장암 및 PD-L1 음성 비소세포폐암과 같은 '면역학적으로 차가운' 종양에서도 부분적 반응이 확인되었습니다.

Abstract

Invikafusp alfa (invika), a first-in-class, bispecific, dual T cell agonistic antibody selectively targeting Vβ6/Vβ10 T cell subsets, is being evaluated in START-001, a multicenter phase 1/2 monotherapy trial in participants with mostly immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-resistant, antigen-rich solid tumors. Primary outcomes were safety/tolerability and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) in phase 1 and anti-tumor activity in phase 2. As of 12 March 2025, phase 1 completed dose escalation (n = 34) through dose levels of 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12 and 0.16 mg kg-1 without reaching maximum tolerated dose, and initial phase 2 enrolled 18 participants. Two participants experienced reversible dose-limiting toxicities, one at each of the 0.08 mg kg-1 and 0.16 mg kg-1 dose levels. The most common treatment-related adverse event was cytokine release syndrome, mainly grades 1 and 2. No treatment-related deaths or non-laboratory grade 4 adverse events were reported. At the optimal biological doses (OBDs; 0.08 mg kg-1 and 0.12 mg kg-1) in combined phase 1 and phase 2 cohorts, the overall objective response rate was 14.8% (4/27), including confirmed partial responses in immunologically cold tumors, such as microsatellite stable colorectal cancer and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-negative non-small cell lung cancer. No objective responses were seen at doses lower than 0.08 mg kg-1. Invika...

Determinants of response to CAR T cell therapy in a multicenter, multi-trial cohort analysis of patients with lymphoma.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Nature medicine
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-23
• Screened: 2026-10-25 03:06 KST
• PMID: 42919964
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42919964/
• DOI: 10.1038/s41591-026-04707-w
• Tags: CAR T cell therapy, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, axicabtagene ciloleucel, naive-like T cells, progression-free survival, biomarkers, cellular therapy
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 다기관 임상 시험 데이터를 분석하여 anti-CD19 CAR T cell 치료의 효능과 naive-like T 세포 비율 간의 강한 상관관계를 입증했습니다. 특히, CCR7+CD45RA+ 표현형이 prolonged progression-free survival(PFS)의 독립적인 예측 인자임을 확인했습니다. 이는 조기 개입의 중요성을 시사하며, 향후 더 효과적인 cellular therapies 개발에 기여할 것입니다.

Abstract

In patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) treated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, factors associated with efficacy overlap with prognostic biomarkers. Currently, there is no consensus on optimal product characteristics. We analyzed the phenotypic attributes of the anti-CD19 CAR T therapy axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) from 580 patients with NHL across multiple clinical trials with long-term follow-up (median, 41.9 months). A high proportion of naive-like (CCR7+CD45RA+) T cells was the most significant feature associated with prolonged progression-free survival (PFS; hazard ratio = 0.46, 95% confidence interval: 0.31-0.68, P = 9.8 × 10-5, high versus low naive-like T cell groups) without impacting safety. The relationship between naive-like T cells and efficacy was independent of tumor microenvironment characteristics (assessed in 112 patients). In multivariate models, the naive-like phenotype outperformed clinicopathologic features such as inflammatory markers and tumor burden, remaining significant after adjusting for product expansion. An inverse correlation was observed between prior lines of therapy and the proportion of naive-like T cells in both product and matched apheresis samples, suggesting a benefit of earlier intervention. The key findings were validated in an independent cohort of 203 patients treated with axi-cel-based therapy or brexuca...

XIAP inhibition augments personalized neoantigen vaccine-driven antitumor immunity in orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-09
• Screened: 2026-10-18 03:12 KST
• PMID: 42855228
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42855228/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-014831
• Tags: hepatocellular carcinoma, neoantigen vaccine, Birinapant, XIAP inhibition, immunotherapy, CD8+ T cells, tumor microenvironment
• Open access (PMC): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 간세포암(HCC)에서 XIAP 과발현이 면역 회피와 관련 있음을 확인했습니다. Birinapant를 NeoVAC와 병용하면 MHC-I 발현을 증가시키고 PD-L1을 감소시켜 종양 내 CD8+ T 세포 침윤을 촉진합니다. 이러한 조합 요법은 강력한 항종양 효과와 지속적인 면억 기억 반응을 유도하여 HCC 치료의 새로운 방향을 제시합니다.

Abstract

Personalized neoantigen vaccines offer a rational immunotherapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but their efficacy is limited by insufficient tumor immunogenicity and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Tumor-intrinsic factors that constrain vaccine-induced immune responses in HCC are not well defined. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is frequently overexpressed in HCC and has been linked to immune evasion, raising the possibility that targeting XIAP may improve the effectiveness of neoantigen-based vaccination. XIAP expression is examined in human HCC specimens using transcriptomic analysis and multiplex immunofluorescence. A personalized neoantigen vaccine (NeoVAC) is generated and evaluated in combination with Birinapant, a clinically investigated second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetic, and IAP antagonist, in orthotopic HCC and KPC-OVA-ICC mouse models. Antitumor efficacy is assessed by bioluminescence imaging and survival analysis. Immune landscapes are characterized by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, multiplex immunofluorescence, and single-cell RNA sequencing. Neoantigen-specific immune responses are further assessed using functional assays. XIAP is markedly upregulated in human HCC and inversely associates with intratumoral CD8+T cell infiltration and recurrence-free survival. Birinapant treatment i...

Oncolytic adenovirus-mediated delivery of anti-CLDN18.2 IgG3 for the treatment of solid tumors.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-09
• Screened: 2026-10-18 03:12 KST
• PMID: 42855229
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42855229/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-015661
• Tags: CLDN18.2, Oncolytic adenovirus, IgG3 antibody, zolbetuximab, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, ADCC
• Open access (PMC): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 CLDN18.2 양성 고형암 치료를 위해 Oncolytic adenovirus를 매개로 한 anti-CLDN18.2 IgG3 항체의 국소 전달 전략을 개발했습니다. 기존 IgG1 항체인 zolbetuximab에 비해 IgG3의 강력한 ADCC, ADCP, CDC 효능을 유지하면서도 혈중 반감기 단축 문제를 극복하였습니다. 전임상 모델에서 이 접근법이 표준 치료 대비 우수한 종양 조절 효과와 낮은 독성을 보였으며, CLDN18.2 양성 위암, 췌장암, 난소암의 새로운 치료 옵션으로 큰 잠재력을 가집니다.

Abstract

Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) is a promising therapeutic target for gastric, pancreatic and ovarian cancers. The Food and Drug Administration-approved antibody, zolbetuximab (IgG1), induces tumor cell death via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). While the IgG3 subclass offers superior ADCC, ADCP and CDC effector functions compared with IgG1, its clinical application has been limited by a short plasma half-life due to reduced binding to the neonatal Fc receptor. To overcome this limitation, we engineered a conditionally replicating oncolytic adenovirus (OAd-aCLDN18.2) to deliver and locally express an anti-CLDN18.2 IgG3 antibody specifically within the tumor microenvironment. This strategy leverages the tumor-specific replication of the oncolytic virus (OVs) to achieve high local concentrations of the potent IgG3 antibody, minimizing systemic exposure and its associated half-life liability. OAd-aCLDN18.2 effectively delivered and expressed the functional anti-CLDN18.2 IgG3 antibody. This localized antibody secretion induced robust ADCC, ADCP and CDC effects against CLDN18.2-positive tumor cells. In vitro, the virus-delivered antibody potently mediated natural killer (NK) cell activation and cytotoxicity. In murine tumor models, treatment with OAd-aCLDN18.2 resulted in signi...

TLS-related immune organization and regional IRF4 expression in pretreatment biopsies of advanced lung adenocarcinoma.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.85
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
• Publication date: 2026-Nov
• Screened: 2026-10-18 03:11 KST
• PMID: 42858497
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42858497/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2026.109648
• Tags: lung adenocarcinoma, tertiary lymphoid structure, IRF4, immunotherapy, biopsy, prognosis, B-cell organization
• Open access (OA/green): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 진행성 폐선암 환자의 치료 전 소생검 조직에서 CD20+ B 세포의 조직화 패턴과 IRF4 발현을 분석했습니다. Grade 3의 B 세포 집합은 전체 생존 기간 및 진행 후 생존 기간 연장과 유의미하게 연관되었습니다. 이는 제한된 생검 샘플에서도 TLS 관련 면역 상태를 평가할 수 있는 보완적 바이오마커로서의 가능성을 시사합니다.

Abstract

Tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) assessment is challenging in advanced lung adenocarcinoma because pretreatment diagnosis often relies on limited biopsy tissue that may incompletely represent lymphoid architecture. We investigated whether biopsy-captured B-cell organization and regional interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) expression could provide complementary information on TLS-related immunity in this setting. A TLS-related transcriptional program was analyzed in TCGA-LUAD to prioritize candidate genes, followed by tissue-level and functional evaluation of IRF4 in a murine tumor model and A20 B cells. Pretreatment small-biopsy specimens from 34 patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma receiving first-line immunotherapy plus chemotherapy were evaluated for CD20+ B-cell aggregation patterns, regional IRF4 expression, and clinical outcomes. Within pretreatment small biopsies, CD20+ B cells showed distinct patterns of local organization. Regional IRF4 expression differed among aggregation grades (p = 0.0216), with higher expression in Grade 3 than Grade 2 (adjusted p = 0.0260), but did not increase monotonically with morphological organization. Grade 3 aggregation was associated with longer overall survival (HR, 0.372; 95% CI, 0.172-0.807; p = 0.0177) and post-progression survival (HR, 0.307; 95% CI, 0.142-0.663; p = 0.0042), but not progression-free survival. Transcriptomi...

AI-derived 3D body composition predicts prognosis of chemoimmunotherapy in small cell lung cancer: a multicenter study.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: biomedical-imaging
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-12
• Screened: 2026-10-18 03:10 KST
• PMID: 42864144
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42864144/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-014952
• Tags: Small cell lung cancer, Chemoimmunotherapy, 3D body composition, Deep learning, Prognostic biomarker, Chest CT, CD8+ T-cell infiltration
• Open access (PMC): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 소세포폐암(SCLC) 환자에서 AI를 활용한 3D 체성분 분석이 chemoimmunotherapy의 예후를 예측하는 강력한 비침습적 도구임을 보여줍니다. 특히 골격근 부피 지수가 높을수록 Overall Survival(OS)이 향상되고, 내장 지방 부피 지수가 높을수록 OS가 악화되는 것으로 확인되었습니다. 또한 이 지표들이 종양 미세환경 내 CD8+ T-cell 침윤과 연관되어 있어 면역 반응과의 생물학적 연결고리를 제시합니다.

Abstract

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has a poor prognosis despite standard first-line chemoimmunotherapy. Reliable, non-invasive biomarkers for risk stratification are urgently needed. Three-dimensional (3D) body composition (BC) analysis from chest CT scans offers a promising approach to assess systemic metabolic status. In this multicenter study, we analyzed patients treated with first-line chemoimmunotherapy across five institutions. Using a deep learning model, 3D BC parameters were automatically extracted from baseline chest CTs. We evaluated their associations with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. A total of 101 machine learning model configurations were evaluated to develop predictive models, and the SHapley Additive exPlanations method was applied to enhance model interpretability. Additionally, we investigated the association between BC parameters and CD8+ T-cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Among 575 patients (training: 161; internal validation: 69; external validation: 345), all four 3D BC indices significantly stratified OS. Multivariable Cox analysis showed that higher skeletal muscle volume index was independently associated with better OS (HR=0.956, 95% CI 0.928 to 0.985, p=0.003), whereas higher visceral fat volume index was associated with worse OS (HR=1.017, 95% CI 1.002 to 1.032, p=0....

Dietary fat boosts lung tissue-specific antitumor immunity via reprogramming intravascular neutrophils.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.85
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-12
• Screened: 2026-10-18 03:09 KST
• PMID: 42864145
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42864145/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-015726
• Tags: lung cancer, neutrophils, dietary fat, antitumor immunity, ROS production, endothelial cells, immunotherapy
• Open access (PMC): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 고지방 식이나 케톤 식이가 혈관 내 중성구를 재프로그래밍하여 폐 조직 특이적인 항종양 면역력을 강화함을 보여줍니다. 기전적으로 혈청 팔미트산과 콜레스테롤이 폐 혈관 내피 세포를 자극하여 중성구의 활성 산소 종 생성 및 종양 세포 독성을 증가시킵니다. 이러한 발견은 식이 개입을 통한 조직 특이적 중성구 조절이 폐암 치료의 새로운 전략이 될 수 있음을 시사합니다.

Abstract

Diet rich in fat, such as high-fat diet (HFD) and ketogenic diet (KD), has complex impacts on immunity. Neutrophils adapt to tissue-specific signals and exert innate defense functions against infections and malignancies. However, whether and how dietary fat shapes tissue-specific neutrophil functions remains unclear. This study aims at determining the effect of dietary fat on tissue-specific pulmonary antitumor responses mediated by neutrophils. Mouse models of HFD or KD feeding, in combination with a lung metastatic B16 melanoma or a primary Lewis lung carcinoma lung cancer model, were used to determine the impact of dietary fat on pulmonary tissue-specific reprogramming of antitumor functions in neutrophils. A multitude of experimental approaches were used to address the mechanisms through which HFD/KD boosts antitumor functions of intrapulmonary neutrophils. We also performed correlation analysis between immune activation signatures in human lung cancer-infiltrating neutrophils and serum lipids, and analyzed published single-cell transcription data in human lungs, to determine the potential correlation between serum lipid contents or endothelial cell-derived signals and antitumor functions of lung neutrophils. Both HFD-fed and KD-fed mice demonstrated enhanced neutrophil-mediated pulmonary tumor resistance compared with chow diet-fed mice, in either a prophylactic or a ther...

Efficacy and safety of adjuvant ensartinib in stage I ALK-positive NSCLC patients: a retrospective, multicenter study.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-09
• Screened: 2026-10-18 03:08 KST
• PMID: 42868718
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42868718/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2026.109649
• Tags: ALK-positive NSCLC, ensartinib, adjuvant therapy, Stage I lung cancer, Disease-free survival, retrospective study, high-risk pathological features
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 Stage I ALK 양성 NSCLC 환자에서 보조 ensartinib 투여의 효능과 안전성을 평가한 다기관 후향적 연구입니다. 고위험 병리학적 특징을 가진 환자군에서 ensartinib군이 관찰군에 비해 3년 DFS가 유의하게 우수함을 확인했습니다. 부작용은 대부분 경미하여(Grade 1-2) 안전성 프로파일도 양호했습니다. 이는 Stage I ALK 양성 폐암에서의 위험도 기반 보조 ALK-TKI 치료의 필요성을 시사하는 중요한 근거입니다.

Abstract

The role of adjuvant ensartinib in patients with stage I ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high-risk pathological features remains unclear. This multicenter retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant ensartinib in this population. A total of 393 patients with completely resected stage I ALK-positive NSCLC were included from five centers in China between March 2017 and March 2026. Patients were categorized into the ensartinib group (n = 63) and the observation group (n = 330). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and propensity score matching (PSM) were employed to balance baseline characteristics. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and safety. After IPTW, baseline characteristics were well balanced between groups. The ensartinib group showed a higher 3-year DFS rate compared with the observation group (100% vs. 90.2%;P = 0.014). In patients with high-risk pathological features (micropapillary or solid subtypes or complex glandular pathological subtypes ≥10%, mucinous adenocarcinoma, or spread through air spaces), the 3-year DFS was 100% in the ensartinib group versus 86.5% in the observation group (P = 0.016). No significant difference in OS was observed between groups. Adverse events occurred in 87.3% of patients in the ensartinib group, all of...

Site-specific metabolic and hypoxia-associated profiles in metastatic melanoma.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-13
• Screened: 2026-10-18 03:08 KST
• PMID: 42869576
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42869576/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-015623
• Tags: metastatic melanoma, immune checkpoint inhibitors, hypoxia, metabolic reprogramming, HIF1α, GLUT1, liver metastasis, tumor microenvironment
• Open access (PMC): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 전이성 흑색종 환자의 다양한 전이 부위(간, 폐, 뇌 등)에서 대사 및 저산소증 관련 분자 프로파일의 차이를 분석했습니다. 간 전이는 해당과정(glycolysis) 경로가 상향 조절되며 ICI 반응이 낮음을, 반면 폐 전이는 HIF1α 발현이 높지만 ICI 반응이 상대적으로 양호함을 확인했습니다. 이러한 대사 재프로그래밍과 면역 세포 침투의 상관관계는 기관 특이적인 치료 저항성을 극복하기 위한 표적 치료 전략 수립에 중요한 시사점을 제공합니다.

Abstract

Different metastatic sites in advanced melanoma show distinct responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In patients treated with ICI, liver metastases are associated with reduced responses, while lung metastases are associated with improved responses. Metabolic reprogramming, including enhanced glycolysis and hypoxia-associated signaling, is a hallmark of tumor progression. Increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1α) expression has been associated with poorer prognosis and reduced response to ICI across several solid malignancies. We characterized and compared metabolic and hypoxic profiles across melanoma metastatic sites to provide insight into organ-specific responses to ICI. We described metabolic and hypoxic profiles in tumor samples from 182 melanoma patients across metastatic sites, including liver (n=24), lung (n=35), brain (n=41), lymph node (n=25), and subcutaneous tissue (n=57). Multiplex immunohistochemistry staining (n=92; CD3, SOX10, CAIX, HIF1α, GLUT1) and transcriptomic analysis of bulk RNA sequencing (n=158), were performed to compare cell densities and gene expression across these sites. Liver metastases showed upregulation of glycolytic and metabolic pathways compared with other sites, though 97% of pathways were also characteristic of normal liver tissue; SLC2A1 (GLUT1), however, was selectively elevated in liver metastases relative to normal liver...

Sensory innervation shapes cancer immunotherapy efficacy and adverse events.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-13
• Screened: 2026-10-18 03:07 KST
• PMID: 42869578
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42869578/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-016157
• Tags: Immunotherapy, Tumor Microenvironment, Sensory Neurons, Immune-related Adverse Events, Drug Repurposing, Neuro-immunology, Checkpoint Inhibitors
• Open access (PMC): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

감각 신경은 종양 미세환경에서 면역 회피를 촉진하고 T-cell exhaustion을 유발하여 암 면역치료의 효능을 저하시킵니다. 또한, 면역치료제가 감각 신경에 작용하여 colitis나 pneumonitis 같은 immune-related adverse events(irAEs)의 심각성을 증가시킬 수 있습니다. 본 리뷰는 CGRP 수용체 길항제와 Aprepitant 등 기존 약물의 재창출 가능성을 통해 치료 효능을 높이고 독성을 줄이는 전략을 제시합니다.

Abstract

Sensory neurons innervate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are active contributors to tumor progression and immune evasion. Across multiple cancer types, higher intratumoral nerve density is associated with worse clinical outcomes, including increased lymph node metastasis, local recurrence, and reduced survival. This relationship is driven, at least in part, by local immunosuppression arising from neuropeptide and neurotransmitter paracrine signaling within the TME. Nociceptive sensory neurotransmission impacts tumor-infiltrating immune cells to promote T-cell exhaustion, mast cell degranulation, and stromal remodeling, collectively constructing a barrier to effective antitumor immunity. Beyond paracrine signaling, sensory neurons themselves express immune checkpoint proteins, including programmed cell death ligand-1, providing an additional mechanism by which the sensory nervous system participates in local immune regulation. Preclinical studies have established that targeting sensory neuron signaling, whether through denervation, neuropeptide antagonism, or axon guidance inhibition, can relieve TME immunosuppression and improve the efficacy of immune-based therapies. Several Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved agents developed for non-oncologic indications, including calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists approved for migraine, and the NK-1R antago...

CCNE1 overexpression drives a cGAS-STING-dependent interferon response and sensitizes HRD-positive ovarian cancer to immune checkpoint blockade.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-14
• Screened: 2026-10-18 03:07 KST
• PMID: 42875049
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42875049/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-015326
• Tags: ovarian cancer, CCNE1, cGAS-STING pathway, immune checkpoint blockade, HRD-positive, interferon response, immunotherapy
• Open access (OA/gold): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 CCNE1 과발현이 cGAS-STING 의존성 인터페론 반응을 유도함을 규명했습니다. 특히 HRD 양성 난소암 환자에서 이 기전이 immune checkpoint blockade 치료에 대한 민감도를 증가시킨다는 것을 보여주었습니다. 이는 난소암의 정밀 면역치료 표적 발견 및 치료 전략 수립에 중요한 근거를 제공합니다.

Abstract

not available

Plasma cell-free RNA ITGB3 is associated with long-term clinical benefit in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving immunochemotherapy.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-14
• Screened: 2026-10-18 03:06 KST
• PMID: 42875050
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42875050/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-015873
• Tags: NSCLC, immunochemotherapy, biomarker, cell-free RNA, ITGB3, prognosis, liquid biopsy
• Open access (OA/gold): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 비소세포폐암(NSCLC) 환자에서 immunochemotherapy를 받은 경우, plasma cell-free RNA ITGB3 수준이 장기적인 임상 효익과 유의미하게 연관됨을 밝혔습니다. 이는 기존 영상학적 평가 외에도 혈액 기반 biomarker를 통해 치료 반응을 조기에 예측하고 모니터링할 수 있는 새로운 가능성을 제시합니다. 특히 ITGB3는 면역치료 반응의 생물학적 기전을 이해하는 데 중요한 단서가 될 수 있습니다.

Abstract

not available

Low-dose vs standard-dose photon-counting CT for myopathy-associated interstitial lung disease: a prospective feasibility study.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: biomedical-imaging
• Journal: European radiology
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-15
• Screened: 2026-10-18 03:06 KST
• PMID: 42878810
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42878810/
• DOI: 10.1007/s00330-026-12970-1
• Tags: photon-counting CT, interstitial lung disease, low-dose imaging, quantitative analysis, deep learning, radiation safety, myopathy-associated ILD

Screening brief

이 연구는 inflammatory idiopathic myopathy(IIM) 관련 간질성 폐질환(ILD) 환자에서 photon-counting CT(PCCT)의 low-dose protocol 유효성을 평가합니다. 결과는 low-dose PCCT가 방사선 선량을 현저히 줄이면서도 ground-glass opacity 및 fibrosis 등 정량적 병변 측정에서 standard-dose와 높은 일치도를 보임을 확인했습니다. 또한, 영상 기반 정량 지표와 폐기능 검사(FVC%, DLCO%) 간의 상관관계도 유지되어 임상 모니터링에 유용한 대안으로 제시됩니다.

Abstract

To evaluate the clinical utility of photon counting computed tomography (PCCT)-derived quantitative parameters for assessing interstitial lung disease (ILD) burden in patients with inflammatory idiopathic myopathy (IIM), comparing standard-dose (SD) and tin-filtered low-dose (LD) protocols, and to assess the added value of ultrathin reconstructions. In this single-centre prospective study (September 2023-November 2024), outpatients with IIM-ILD underwent two consecutive PCCT scans. Quantitative ILD features were extracted using a commercial deep-learning software (ContextFlow ADVANCE Chest CT). Primary analyses compared LD 1.0 mm with SD 1.0 mm reconstructions using Bland-Altman analysis, with exploratory analyses of ultrathin (0.4 mm) reconstructions. Correlation analyses between deep learning-derived quantitative parameters, visual assessment, and pulmonary function tests were performed. Forty-eight adults with IIM-ILD (40 females; mean age, 53.88 ± 11.13 years) were included. The LD protocol achieved a substantial dose reduction (CTDIvol: 0.77 vs 5.40 mGy) while maintaining good agreement with SD (mean net differences [MNDs] < 1% for all patterns). LD-1.0 mm protocol yielded higher volume of ground-glass opacity (MND, 0.98%) and lower volume of fibrosis extent (MND, -0.64%). Reticular pattern showed strong association with FVC% (rhoSD1.0mm = -0.62, p < 0.001) and DLCO% (rho...

Temporal and therapeutic confounders in predicting efficacy of immunotherapy rechallenge via baseline intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-15
• Screened: 2026-10-18 03:05 KST
• PMID: 42880821
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880821/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-016391
• Tags: immunotherapy rechallenge, tertiary lymphoid structures, predictive biomarkers, temporal confounders, tumor microenvironment, precision oncology
• Open access (OA/gold): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 면역치료 재도전 시 치료 효능을 예측하는 데 있어 종양 내 삼차 림프 구조(TLS)의 중요성을 강조합니다. 특히 시간적 및 치료적 교란 요인을 통제함으로써 TLS가 신뢰할 수 있는 예측 바이오마커로 기능할 수 있음을 시사합니다. 이는 난치성 암 환자에서의 맞춤형 면역치료 전략 수립에 기여할 수 있습니다.

Abstract

not available

VERIDAH: solving enumeration anomaly-aware vertebra labeling across imaging sequences.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: biomedical-imaging
• Journal: European radiology
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-16
• Screened: 2026-10-18 03:05 KST
• PMID: 42886249
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42886249/
• DOI: 10.1007/s00330-026-12966-x
• Tags: vertebra labeling, MRI, CT, deep learning, spine imaging, enumeration anomaly, VERIDAH, NAKO dataset
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

VERIDAH는 척추 MRI와 CT 영상에서 열거 이상을 인식하며 정밀한 척추 번호 매기기를 수행하는 새로운 딥러닝 알고리즘입니다. 기존 모델 대비 T2w MRI 및 CT에서 모두 우수한 정확도를 보였으며, 제한된 시야(field-of-view)에서도 안정적으로 작동합니다. 이 도구는 만성 요통 진단 및 수술 계획 수립을 지원하며, 공개된 코드를 통해 연구 및 임상 적용이 용이합니다.

Abstract

Although the identification of enumeration anomalies has potential clinical implications for chronic back pain and operation planning, the thoracolumbar junction is poorly assessed and rarely described in clinical reports. Additionally, even though multiple deep-learning-based vertebra labeling algorithms exist, there is a lack of methods to automatically label enumeration anomalies. We introduce "Vertebra Identification with Anomaly Handling" (VERIDAH), a novel vertebra labeling algorithm based on multiple classification heads combined with a weighted vertebra sequence prediction algorithm. We use the NAKO dataset for MRI and a CT cohort to retrospectively evaluate the labeling performance by computing how often the model is correct in predicting the vertebra labels, including enumeration anomalies. Statistical significance was assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. On 1000 T2w sagittal (mean age 52 ± 11, 52% female) and 365 CT (mean age 74 ± 21, 44% female) images, we show that our approach surpasses existing models on T2w TSE sagittal (98.30% vs. 94.24% of subjects with all vertebrae correctly labeled, p < 0.01) and CT imaging (99.18% vs. 77.26% of subjects with all vertebrae correctly labeled, p < 0.01) and works in arbitrary field-of-view images. VERIDAH correctly labeled the presence of thoracic enumeration anomalies in 87.80% and 96.30% of T2w and CT images, resp...

US Cancer Mortality Declines, Driven by Lung Cancer.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: JAMA
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-16
• Screened: 2026-10-18 03:04 KST
• PMID: 42886480
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42886480/
• DOI: 10.1001/jama.2026.20022
• Tags: Lung Cancer, Cancer Mortality, Epidemiology, Public Health, JAMA, US Statistics

Screening brief

이 연구는 미국에서 암 사망률이 전반적으로 감소하고 있으며, 그 주된 원인이 폐암 치료의 발전임을 시사합니다. JAMA에 게재된 이 보고서는 최신 임상적 성과와 공중보건 지표 간의 상관관계를 명확히 보여줍니다. 따라서 종양학 분야에서의 치료적 진전을 평가하는 데 필수적인 참고 자료입니다.

Abstract

not available

Exploratory analysis of extracellular vesicle Profile changes during pembrolizumab treatment in NSCLC.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
• Publication date: 2026-Sep-29
• Screened: 2026-10-11 03:14 KST
• PMID: 42828841
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42828841/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2026.109640
• Tags: NSCLC, pembrolizumab, extracellular vesicles, biomarkers, proteomics, drug resistance, liquid biopsy

Screening brief

이 연구는 pembrolizumab 단일 요법을 받는 진행성 NSCLC 환자의 혈청 extracellular vesicle(EV) 단백체 분석을 수행했습니다. 주요 발견으로는 primary resistance와 clinical benefit을 구분하는 TNXB, KRT12, TFPI2, HLA-E 패널(AUC 0.788)이 확인되었습니다. 또한, 임상적 이득 환자군 내에서 acquired resistance와 long-term response를 구별하는 ITLN1, ABCG5, NPC1L1, NOP2 패널(AUC 0.808)의 유효성이 입증되었습니다. 이는 면역항암제 치료 반응 예측을 위한 새로운 비침습적 바이오마커 개발에 중요한 근거를 제공합니다.

Abstract

Predictive biomarkers for pembrolizumab resistance and durable clinical benefit in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain insufficient. Serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from 98 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy. Isolation was performed using CD9/CD63 antibodies, and EV proteins were identified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Patients were classified into primary resistance and clinical benefit groups; patients with clinical benefit were further divided into acquired resistance and long-term responder groups. Differential protein abundance, pathway enrichment, progression-free survival (PFS), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed. The cohort included 40 patients with primary resistance and 58 with clinical benefit. Proteomic analysis identified 305 differentially abundant EV proteins between these groups. Proteins enriched in primary resistance were associated with extracellular matrix organization, adhesion, complement activation, and chemotaxis, whereas response-enriched proteins were related to mitochondrial metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and vesicle/lysosome-associated transport. TNXB and SMIM1 showed moderate discriminatory performance for primary resistance, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.712 and 0.706, respectively. A four-protein panel compri...

Smoking Cessation Among Underserved Patients Referred for Lung Cancer Screening: Research Summary.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.90
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: JAMA
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-05
• Screened: 2026-10-11 03:14 KST
• PMID: 42832211
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42832211/
• DOI: 10.1001/jama.2026.17345
• Tags: Lung Cancer Screening, Smoking Cessation, Underserved Patients, JAMA, Public Health, Oncology

Screening brief

이 연구는 폐암 선별검사를 위해 의뢰된 취약 계층 환자들 사이에서 금연 중재의 효과를 평가합니다. JAMA에 게재된 이 논문은 건강 형평성 및 예방 의학 관점에서 중요한 통찰을 제공합니다. 특히, 선별검사 과정에서 발견된 흡연자 대상의 중재 전략 수립에 유용한 근거를 제시합니다.

Abstract

not available

Smoking Cessation Among Underserved Patients Referred for Lung Cancer Screening: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: JAMA
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-05
• Screened: 2026-10-11 03:13 KST
• PMID: 42832220
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42832220/
• DOI: 10.1001/jama.2026.17192
• Tags: Lung Cancer Screening, Smoking Cessation, Randomized Clinical Trial, Health Disparities, Financial Incentives, Pharmacotherapy, JAMA
• Open access (PMC): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 폐암 선별검사를 위해 의뢰된 의료 소외 계층 흡연자를 대상으로 4가지 금연 전략의 효과를 비교했습니다. 결과적으로 금전적 인센티브(Financial Incentives)를 추가한 그룹에서 생화학적 확인을 통한 지속적 금연률이 유의미하게 높았습니다. 반면, 약물 치료(Pharmacotherapy)만 추가한 것은 기존 관행과 통계적 차이가 없었습니다. 이는 폐암 예방 및 건강 형평성 개선을 위한 정책 수립에 중요한 시사점을 제공합니다.

Abstract

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services requires that health systems offer smoking cessation services to patients undergoing lung cancer screening. However, the most effective methods to achieve smoking cessation among medically underserved patients undergoing lung cancer screening are unknown. To compare the effectiveness of 4 strategies for promoting smoking cessation among medically underserved persons referred for lung cancer screening. This randomized clinical trial included currently smoking individuals referred for lung cancer screening at 4 US health systems (5 centers) who identified as Black, Hispanic, living in a rural area, or being of low socioeconomic status. The first participant was enrolled on May 17, 2021, and the date of last follow-up was April 29, 2025. Patients were randomized to 1 of 4 groups. Participants received either an ask-advise-refer strategy to smoking cessation services (usual care); usual care plus free pharmacotherapy (ie, nicotine replacement and reimbursement for varenicline or bupropion); usual care, free pharmacotherapy, and financial incentives up to $600 contingent on biochemically confirmed smoking cessation; or usual care, free pharmacotherapy, and financial incentives plus a mobile health tool motivating patients to think about their future health. The primary end point was biochemically confirmed, sustained tobacco abstinence t...

Lung Cancer Screening Beyond Smoking-Based Eligibility: Evidence, Limits, and Lessons From China.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Chest
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-05
• Screened: 2026-10-11 03:13 KST
• PMID: 42833546
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42833546/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2026.09.090
• Tags: Lung Cancer Screening, LDCT, Overdiagnosis, Risk Prediction Models, China, Evidence-Based Medicine, Chest Journal

Screening brief

이 리뷰는 흡연 역사가 없는 인구 집단에서 저선량 CT(LDCT) 선별검사의 사망률 감소 효과를 입증하는 데 있어 현재 증거의 한계를 지적합니다. 특히 중국과 한국의 대규모 데이터는 early-stage detection 증가가 반드시 net benefit으로 이어지지 않으며, overdiagnosis 위험을 증가시킬 수 있음을 시사합니다. 따라서 향후 eligibility 기준 확장은 단순한 stage shift가 아닌 advanced-stage incidence 감소를 전향적으로 평가하는 프레임워크가 필요합니다.

Abstract

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening lowers lung cancer mortality in populations with substantial cumulative tobacco exposure, and that conclusion rests on two adequately powered randomized controlled trials. Whether the same benefit extends to populations with different risk profiles remains unresolved, particularly in China, where a substantial share of lung cancers arise in individuals without substantial smoking history. This review develops three linked arguments rather than surveying the field exhaustively. First, stage shift and risk-enrichment are necessary but not sufficient; a concurrent reduction in advanced-stage incidence is the more reliable signal of benefit. Second, risk-prediction models built on tobacco-exposed cohorts are least dependable in individuals without substantial smoking history, precisely where expanding eligibility relies on them most. Third, judging evidentiary sufficiency requires an explicit framework that treats sufficiency as a continuum rather than a binary between a randomized trial and nothing. Chinese programs illustrate all three at scale: LDCT can be delivered broadly and can enrich early-stage detection, yet still not establish reduced lung cancer mortality with acceptable harm. Stage-shift findings remain vulnerable to lead-time bias, length bias, and overdiagnosis, and recent data from China and South Korea suggest that dif...

PRTN3 drives immunosuppression in KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma through proteolytic inactivation of CXCL9.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-05
• Screened: 2026-10-11 03:12 KST
• PMID: 42833861
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42833861/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-015399
• Tags: KRAS-mutant LUAD, Immune checkpoint blockade, PRTN3, CXCL9, Tumor microenvironment, CD8+ T cells, Immunotherapy resistance
• Open access (PMC): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

KRAS 돌연변이 폐선암은 면역관문억제제 치료에 대한 반응이 제한적인 경우가 많습니다. 본 연구는 KRAS 신호가 c-Myc를 통해 PRTN3 발현을 증가시키고, 이는 CXCL9를 분해하여 CD8+ T 세포 및 NK 세포의 침입을 방해함을 밝혔습니다. PRTN3 억제 또는 내성형 CXCL9 변이체는 항종양 면역 반응을 강화하고 anti-PD-1 치료 효과를 증진시킬 수 있습니다.

Abstract

KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) shows limited benefit from immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and the mechanisms by which oncogenic KRAS signaling promotes immune resistance remain poorly understood. Here, we sought to identify tumor-intrinsic mediators of KRAS-driven immune evasion and therapeutic resistance in LUAD. Integrated analyses of human LUAD cohorts, genetically engineered mouse models, tumor cell models, and patient-derived organoids were performed to define the role of PRTN3 in immune regulation. PRTN3 regulation and function were investigated using transcriptional analyses, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, biochemical cleavage assays, and immune cell co-culture systems. The therapeutic effect of PRTN3 inhibition was evaluated using flow cytometric immune profiling, functional immune assays, and syngeneic tumor models. We identified PRTN3 as a downstream effector of KRAS signaling that promotes immune evasion in LUAD. Mechanistically, KRAS signaling transcriptionally upregulated PRTN3 through c-Myc activation. Secreted PRTN3 directly cleaved and inactivated CXCL9 in the tumor microenvironment, disrupting CXCL9/CXCR3 signaling and impairing the recruitment and activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells. In patients with LUAD, elevated PRTN3 expression was associated with reduced cytotoxic immune signatures and decreased CXCL9 activity....

Quantitative Chest CT-derived Fibrosis and Vascular Remodeling and Acute Exacerbation Risk in Mild Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: biomedical-imaging
• Journal: Radiology
• Publication date: 2026-Oct
• Screened: 2026-10-11 03:12 KST
• PMID: 42836750
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42836750/
• DOI: 10.1148/radiol.260703
• Tags: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Chest CT, Vascular Remodeling, Acute Exacerbation, Radiomics, Deep Learning, Prognostic Biomarker

Screening brief

이 연구는 경증 IPF 환자에서 정량적 Chest CT 분석을 통해 섬유화 부담과 혈관 재형성이 급성 악화 위험에 미치는 영향을 평가했습니다. 특히 정맥 확장 및 직경 이질성이 급성 악화 위험을 증가시키는 반면, 작은 동맥 부피 분율이 높을수록 위험이 감소한다는 것을 발견했습니다. 이는 혈관 변화가 섬유화의 임상적 영향을 매개하는 중요한 메커니즘임을 시사하며, 영상 기반 바이오마커의 예후 예측 가치를 강화합니다.

Abstract

Background Acute exacerbations worsen outcomes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but the role of vascular remodeling remains unclear. Purpose To determine whether quantitative CT-derived vascular metrics are independently associated with acute exacerbations in mild IPF and whether arterial or venous remodeling mediates the effects of fibrosis burden. Materials and Methods In this retrospective cohort study, patients with mild IPF (forced vital capacity ≥ 80% and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide ≥ 55%) underwent baseline volumetric high-spatial-resolution unenhanced chest CT between April 2011 and December 2021 at a single tertiary hospital. Fibrosis score (FS) and vascular metrics were assessed using deep learning-based software. The primary outcome was time to acute exacerbation; the secondary outcome was event-free survival for acute exacerbation, lung transplantation, and death (composite outcome). Multivariable Cox models were used to evaluate both outcomes, adjusting for age, smoking status, and pack-years. Mediation analysis was used to assess whether vascular remodeling mediated the association between FS and the outcomes. Results Among 313 patients (mean age, 66.4 years ± 7.1 [SD]; 245 male patients), 86 (27.5%) experienced acute exacerbation, two (0.6%) underwent lung transplantation, and 120 (38.3%) died during a median 6.3 years of follow-up. Higher FS w...

Perfusion beyond Margin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Contrast-enhanced US Feature Related to Tumor Invasiveness and Prognosis.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: biomedical-imaging
• Journal: Radiology
• Publication date: 2026-Oct
• Screened: 2026-10-11 03:11 KST
• PMID: 42836755
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42836755/
• DOI: 10.1148/radiol.260918
• Tags: Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Contrast-enhanced US, Perfusion beyond margin, Prognosis, Microvascular invasion, Radiology

Screening brief

이 연구는 Contrast-enhanced US(CEUS)를 통해 간세포암(HCC)에서 혈류가 종양 경계를 초과하는 현상인 Perfusion beyond margin(PBM)을 새로운 영상 특징으로 정의했습니다. PBM은 미세혈관 침습(MVI) 발생률 증가와 재발 무병 생존율(RFS) 및 국소 종양 진행 무병 생존율(LT-PFS)의 악화와 유의미하게 연관되어 있습니다. 또한, 이 현상은 혈관 생성 및 상피-간엽 이행 관련 유전자의 과발현과 관련이 있어 종양의 침습성을 평가하는 중요한 바이오마커로 활용될 수 있습니다.

Abstract

Background Previous studies on imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have shown inconsistency in the growth of tumor vascularity and gross morphologic features. Contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) is one of the few methods that can depict both features simultaneously, making it valuable for assessing this inconsistency and its potential clinical influence. Purpose To evaluate and establish a new CEUS feature representing inconsistency between vascularity and gross morphologic features (perfusion beyond margin [PBM]) and analyze its underlying biologic mechanisms and prognostic influence. Materials and Methods This multicenter retrospective study included patients with HCC from January 2015 to August 2023. Three radiologists (5-8 years of experience) measured tumor diameter using gray-scale US and CEUS. Mathematic, prognostic, and bioinformatics analyses were used to quantify the PBM diagnostic standard. Prognostic analysis included recurrence-free survival after laparoscopic hepatectomy and local tumor progression-free survival after thermal ablation. Bioinformatics analysis included pathologic and immunohistochemical evaluation and RNA sequencing. Results This study included 1076 patients (mean age ± SD, 60 years ± 10.5; 854 men, 1166 HCCs). PBM was defined as the tumor diameter on arterial phase exceeding that at gray-scale US by 5 mm. PBM was associated with worse recurrence-fr...

Trial-specific absolute disease-free survival effects of postoperative PD-1/PD-L1 blockade after complete resection of NSCLC: A systematic review.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-03
• Screened: 2026-10-11 03:10 KST
• PMID: 42843316
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42843316/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2026.109642
• Tags: NSCLC, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, postoperative adjuvant therapy, systematic review, disease-free survival, KEYNOTE-091, absolute effect size

Screening brief

이 연구는 NSCLC 완전 절제술 후 PD-1/PD-L1 억제제 요법의 절대적 DFS 이득을 체계적으로 검토합니다. Kaplan-Meier 곡선 재구성을 통해 36개월 RMST 및 DFS 확률 차이를 추정하여 상대적 위험도 감소 이상의 임상적 의미를 제시합니다. 이는 수술 후 보조 치료의 실제 환자 수 기반 이득을 이해하는 데 중요한 참고 자료가 됩니다.

Abstract

Postoperative PD-1/PD-L1 blockade after complete resection of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is mainly reported using relative disease-free survival (DFS) effects. We estimated absolute effects for distinct completed trial policies. We systematically reviewed randomized phase III trials of postoperative single-agent PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Published Kaplan-Meier curves were reconstructed to estimate trial-specific 36-month restricted mean DFS time (RMST) and DFS probability differences. Primary intervals used 2,000 arm-stratified bootstrap replicates. Sensitivity analyses examined reconstruction methods and time horizons; overall survival (OS) reconstruction was exploratory. Harms were described by trial, without pooling. PROSPERO CRD420261469971. Four trial families included 4,336 participants. Thirty-six-month RMST differences ranged from 1.34 to 1.97 months; DFS probability differences corresponded to 2.3-6.1 additional participants without a trial-defined DFS event per 100 randomized. Confidence intervals included zero for two RMST and three DFS probability estimates. The KEYNOTE-091 DFS probability interval crossed zero under alternative reconstruction; RMST interval interpretations were unchanged. The four-trial hazard-ratio synthesis was descriptive and model sensitive. Exploratory 36-month OS reconstructions in three trials yielded intervals allowing benefit and harm....

PARP1-selective inhibitor DSB1559 demonstrates superior efficacy and antitumor immunity in triple-negative breast cancer.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-07
• Screened: 2026-10-11 03:10 KST
• PMID: 42843923
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42843923/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2025-014578
• Tags: PARP1 inhibitor, Triple-negative breast cancer, Antitumor immunity, DSB1559, Olaparib, Tumor microenvironment, BRCA-deficient
• Open access (PMC): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

PARP1 선택적 억제제 DSB1559는 BRCA 결손 삼중음성 유방암 전임상 모델에서 기존 약물 olaparib보다 우수한 생존율과 항종양 면역 반응을 보였습니다. 이 약물은 PARP2 억제로 인한 혈액학적 독성을 피하면서도 종양 미세환경에서 세포독성 T세포와 활성화된 수지상 세포를 증가시킵니다. 현재 구조적으로 유사한 임상 후보 물질 DSB2455이 Phase Ia/Ib 임상 시험(NCT06458712) 중이며, 이는 TNBC 치료의 새로운 표준으로 발전할 잠재력이 큽니다.

Abstract

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) have improved outcomes of BRCA-associated breast cancer; however, treatment-related toxicity remains a major clinical challenge. Currently approved PARPis broadly inhibit multiple members of the PARP protein family. However, preclinical studies suggest that inhibition of PARP1 alone is sufficient to drive antitumor efficacy. In contrast, inhibition of PARP2 has been implicated in hematological toxicities seen in patients receiving PARPi therapy. Therefore, selectively inhibiting PARP1 may reduce toxicity for patients. Here, we characterize and test the PARP1-selective inhibitor DSB1559 in preclinical models of Brca1-associated triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic assays were performed to examine DSB1559 potency, selectivity, and in vivo behavior. Immunocompetent FVB/n mice bearing Brca1-deficient TNBC (CMV-Cre;Brca1fl/fl;Trp53fl/fl) tumors were treated with olaparib or DSB1559 and followed for survival. Flow cytometry and bulk RNA-sequencing were performed to measure the effects on the tumor microenvironment (TME). DSB1559 had superior selectivity for PARP1 and increased overall survival compared with olaparib. Analysis of the TME revealed a significant increase in cytotoxic T-cells, activated dendritic cells, and genes associated with antitumor immunity in mice treated with DSB1559. Taken togeth...

IL7R mRNA therapy enhances antitumor T cell immunity and suppresses tumor growth in preclinical tumor models.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.85
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-07
• Screened: 2026-10-11 03:09 KST
• PMID: 42843926
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42843926/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-017160
• Tags: IL7R, mRNA therapy, lipid nanoparticles, T cell immunity, preclinical models, cancer immunotherapy, TCR repertoire
• Open access (PMC): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 IL7R mRNA를 지질 나노입자(LNPs)에 담아 전달함으로써 종양 내 CD8 T 세포의 침윤을 증가시키고 종양 성장을 억제하는 효과를 확인했습니다. 전임상 모델(B16 흑색종, LLC 폐암)에서 생존율 향상과 면역 미세환경의 재구성, 특히 TCR 레퍼토리 다양성 증가를 관찰했습니다. 이는 IL7R을 표적으로 한 mRNA 기반 암 면역치료법의 유효성과 안전성을 시사하며, 향후 임상 개발의 타당성을 뒷받침합니다.

Abstract

Interleukin-7 receptor (IL7R) signaling is critical for T-cell survival, homeostasis, and immune function, but the therapeutic potential of increasing IL7R expression through messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery remains poorly defined. We investigated whether IL7R mRNA therapy could enhance antitumor immunity and improve tumor control in preclinical cancer models. IL7R mRNA formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) was administered by combined intratumoral and intravenous injection in syngeneic B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) models, with empty LNPs included as vehicle controls. Therapeutic efficacy, IL7R expression, immune responses, transcriptomic remodeling, T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire changes, and treatment tolerability were evaluated using complementary molecular, immunological, and sequencing approaches. IL7R mRNA treatment increased IL7R transcript and protein levels in tumor-bearing mice, whereas empty LNPs did not produce comparable increases. Treatment increased tumor-infiltrating CD8 T-cell frequencies, suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival in both B16 and LLC models; empty LNP controls did not reproduce the therapeutic effect. Cytokine and transcriptomic analyses showed treatment-associated activation of inflammatory, T-cell, interferon, and antigen-receptor signaling programs. TCR sequencing further demonstrated increased repertoire diversity and...

Associations between CT characteristics of lung cancer lesions and histologic subtypes in lung cancer screening.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: biomedical-imaging
• Journal: European radiology
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-07
• Screened: 2026-10-11 03:09 KST
• PMID: 42844392
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844392/
• DOI: 10.1007/s00330-026-12912-x
• Tags: lung cancer screening, CT characteristics, histologic subtype, adenocarcinoma, NELSON trial, radiomics, pleural attachment, volume doubling time
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 NELSON trial의 후향적 분석을 통해 스크리닝으로 발견된 폐암의 CT 영상 특징과 조직학 하위 유형 간의 관계를 평가했습니다. 결과적으로 Adenocarcinoma(ADC)는 비-ADC에 비해 병기가 더 초기이며, 결절 크기가 작고 상엽 또는 흉막 부착 위치에서 더 빈번하게 관찰되었습니다. 이러한 영상 패턴은 종양 생물학 이해를 돕고, 향후 다중 모달리티 진단 접근법 및 개인화된 결절 관리 전략 수립에 기여할 수 있습니다.

Abstract

To assess the associations between imaging characteristics and histologic subtype in screen-detected lung cancers. We retrospectively analyzed histologically confirmed lung cancers from the NELSON trial. Radiological features (location, margins, nodule type, size, volume, volume doubling time (VDT), pleural distance) were annotated using standardized protocols. Logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and stage assessed associations with adenocarcinoma (ADC) versus non-ADC. Sensitivity analyses included models with VDT and were restricted to stage I-II disease. Among 213 cancers, 67.5% were ADC and 32.5% non-ADC. Participants were predominantly male (82.4%), with a mean age of 64 years; 73.7% had stage I-II disease. ADCs were more often early stage (86.1% vs 47.8%), smaller (14.6 vs 17.3 mm), and more frequently located in the right upper lobe (49.3% vs 31.9%). In multivariable analysis, larger lesion size was associated with lower odds of ADC (odds ratio (OR) = 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99), while pleural attachment increased the odds (OR = 6.67, 95% CI 1.20-33.33). Compared with the right upper lobe, lesions in the left lower (OR = 0.28), right lower (OR = 0.24), and right middle lobes (OR = 0.17) had lower odds. Model discrimination was acceptable (Area under the curve (AUC) = 0.75), with sensitivity 96% and specificity 29%. In sensitivity analyses, higher VDT was asso...

Trajectories of pulmonary subsolid nodules in children and adolescents: a retrospective multicenter cohort study.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: European radiology
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-07
• Screened: 2026-10-11 03:08 KST
• PMID: 42844393
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844393/
• DOI: 10.1007/s00330-026-12927-4
• Tags: pulmonary subsolid nodules, pediatric oncology, lung adenocarcinoma, CT imaging, risk stratification, Fleischner guidelines, ground-glass nodules

Screening brief

이 연구는 소아 및 청소년에서 우연히 발견된 지속성 sub-solid nodules(SSNs)의 진행률을 분석했습니다. 결과적으로 PSN(part-solid nodule)과 크기 ≥10mm가 폐암 진단의 독립적인 위험 요인으로 확인되었습니다. 이는 소아 환자에게 성인을 위한 가이드라인을 그대로 적용하는 대신, 노드 유형에 따른 차별화된 추적 관찰 기간(예: PGGN은 2년 이상, PSN은 연간 이하)이 필요함을 시사합니다.

Abstract

To investigate the clinical course of subsolid nodules (SSNs) in children and adolescents and explore risk factors associated with their progression. This retrospective multicenter cohort investigation enrolled children and adolescents with incidental persistent SSNs between January 2010 and December 2024. The incidence of SSN progression, clinical characteristics, radiologic features, and survival status were assessed. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to identify potential risk factors for nodule growth and subsequent lung cancer diagnosis. Overall, 333 incidental persistent SSNs in 241 patients (100 females; median age, 17 years; median follow-up period, 34 months) were included in the final analysis. 35 of the 333 (10.5%) SSNs showed interval growth, including 32 pure ground-glass nodules (PGGNs) and three part-solid nodules (PSNs). 22 PGGNs and two PSNs exhibited an increase in nodule size. One PSN demonstrated an increase in solid components, and ten PGGNs showed a new small solid component. Among 21 surgically resected nodules, approximately 95% (20/21) were early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. There were no deaths or metastases during the follow-up period. PSN was a significant predictor of growth. PSN and ≥ 10 mm were significant predictive risk factors for subsequent lung cancer diagnosis. 10.5% of incidental persistent SSNs exhibit subseque...

Lifting the radiomics performance ceiling: how preprocessing leakage amplifies model multiplicity.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: biomedical-imaging
• Journal: European radiology
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-07
• Screened: 2026-10-11 03:08 KST
• PMID: 42844394
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844394/
• DOI: 10.1007/s00330-026-12932-7
• Tags: Radiomics, Preprocessing Leakage, SMOTE, Rashomon Effect, Model Reproducibility, AI in Oncology, Methodological Audit

Screening brief

이 연구는 50개의 Radiomics 데이터셋을 분석하여 SMOTE와 같은 전처리 과정에서의 데이터 누출이 모델 성능(AUC)을 인위적으로 부풀리고 Rashomon set을 확대함을 입증했습니다. 이는 겉보기에 최적화된 여러 모델들이 실제 임상 분류에서 20-30%의 불일치를 보일 수 있음을 의미합니다. 따라서 임상 배포 전에 이러한 방법론적 리스크를 정량화하는 audit tool의 사용이 필수적입니다.

Abstract

To jointly quantify and causally link preprocessing leakage, analytical flexibility and the Rashomon effect in radiomics-based clinical prediction models. Retrospective methodological (specification-curve) analysis of 50 de-identified binary-classification datasets in radMLBench (multicentre; 13 anatomical sites; CT, MRI, PET/CT; median 147 patients per dataset, range 51-969); prediction-model reporting followed CLAIM 2.0 and TRIPOD + AI 2024. We enumerated an analytical multiverse of 456 pipeline specifications (3 scalers × 2 correlation filters × 19 feature selectors × 4 classifiers), each evaluated against the dataset label by 5-fold cross-validation × 10 repetitions. Feature-level preprocessing leakage was assessed by paired global-versus-nested comparison for the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE), normalisation, correlation filtering and principal component analysis (PCA), pooled by DerSimonian-Laird meta-analysis. Within-subjects causal mediation (43 datasets) tested whether inflation of the best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) explains leakage-induced Rashomon-set expansion. Across the 50 datasets, SMOTE leakage inflated AUC by a pooled 0.09 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.07, 0.11; p < 0.001), exceeding 0.05 in 64%. Pipeline choice shifted AUC by 0.30, classifier dominating (eta-squared = 0.21). At ε = 5%, near-optimal pipe...

Lung cytology in the diagnostic workflow: A real-world study of its clinical impact.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-03
• Screened: 2026-10-11 03:07 KST
• PMID: 42854279
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854279/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2026.109643
• Tags: lung cancer, cytology, biomarker testing, diagnostic workflow, precision oncology, PD-L1, molecular testing

Screening brief

본 연구는 2022년부터 2025년까지의 실제 임상 데이터를 바탕으로 폐암 진단에서 세포진의 역할을 분석했습니다. 세포진은 전체 사례의 약 65%에서 진단적 기여를 했으며, 특히 흉수(pleural effusion)와 TBNA 샘플이 분자 및 PD-L1 검사에 더 적합함이 확인되었습니다. 다중 채취 전략을 결합하면 비진단성 사례가 현저히 감소하여, 세포진이 현대 폐암 진단 알고리즘에 필수적으로 통합되어야 함을 시사합니다.

Abstract

In the era of precision oncology, lung cancer diagnosis still relies on small and often limited tissue samples, which may be insufficient for definitive tumor classification and predictive biomarker assessment. In this context, lung cytology is gaining increased attention as a complementary source of tumor cells. However, its position within the diagnostic workflow remains incompletely defined. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world diagnostic contribution of lung cytology in routine clinical practice. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with lung cancer between 2022 and 2025 at our institution who underwent cytological sampling. Cases without histological biopsy were included when cytology represented the only clinically accepted diagnostic material. Cytological samples were categorized according to their diagnostic contribution into four groups: primary diagnostic role, exclusive predictive role, supportive role, and non-contributory role. The impact of cytology was further analysed according to specimen type, tumor histology, and in patients with multiple cytological samples. Predictive yield for biomarker testing and statistical associations were evaluated using Fisher's exact test, odds ratios, and McNemar's test for paired comparisons. A total of 572 patients with 691 cytological specimens were included. Cytology provided an important diagnos...

Subtraction iodine maps combined with deep learning reconstruction for improved evaluation of bony invasion in temporal bone lesions.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.85
• Category: biomedical-imaging
• Journal: European radiology
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-09
• Screened: 2026-10-11 03:06 KST
• PMID: 42855533
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42855533/
• DOI: 10.1007/s00330-026-12904-x
• Tags: temporal bone lesions, subtraction iodine maps, deep learning reconstruction, bone invasion, CT imaging, image quality, surgical planning

Screening brief

이 연구는 시간골 병변의 골 침습을 평가하기 위해 Subtraction iodine maps(SIM)과 Deep learning reconstruction(DLR)을 결합한 기법의 성능을 검증했습니다. 기존 Enhanced CT 대비 SIM-DLR은 노이즈를 줄이고 대조도를 향상시켜 병변 윤곽 및 골 침습 시각화를 명확히 했습니다. 특히 고혈관성 병변에서 진단 신뢰도와 수술 전 평가의 정확성을 크게 높일 수 있음을 시사합니다.

Abstract

To assess the capability of subtraction iodine maps (SIM) combined with deep learning reconstruction (DLR) to evaluate the identification of bone involvement in patients with temporal bone lesions, compared with conventional enhanced CT with hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR). This prospective study continuously recruited seventy-seven patients (mean age: 46.1 ± 18.9 years; 35 males) with temporal bone lesions who underwent enhanced temporal bone CT scans. Pre-contrast and contrast-enhanced phase images were reconstructed using HIR and DLR. The colored SIM fusion images for evaluation were generated by subtracting the pre-contrast image from the contrast-enhanced image to obtain the SIM, which was then overlaid onto the bone window image. Qualitative scores and quantitative parameters were computed and compared among four groups of images: Enhanced-HIR, Enhanced-DLR, SIM-HIR, and SIM-DLR. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that SIM-DLR significantly reduced noise (lower SD values) and increased CNR of the lesion compared to Enhanced-HIR (both p < 0.001). Qualitatively, SIM-DLR exhibited significantly higher scores than conventional Enhanced-HIR in overall image quality, temporal bone lesion detection confidence, lesion contour delineation capability, and temporal bone involvement visualization (all p < 0.001), with high inter-reader agreement (kappa: 0.812-0.904). Enhanceme...

The urgent challenge of gastroesophageal cancer.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.90
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Nature reviews. Cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-09
• Screened: 2026-10-11 03:06 KST
• PMID: 42855611
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42855611/
• DOI: 10.1038/s41568-026-00990-4
• Tags: Gastroesophageal cancer, Oncology, Review Article, Nature Reviews Cancer, Clinical Challenge

Screening brief

이 논문은 위식도암(Gastroesophageal cancer)이 현재 직면한 긴급한 임상적 및 과학적 도전을 종합적으로 검토합니다. Nature Reviews Cancer라는 권위 있는 저널에 게재되어 있어 해당 분야의 최신 지견을 반영합니다. 종양학 연구자 및 임상의에게 필수적인 참고 문헌으로 평가됩니다.

Abstract

not available

Prolonged survival after systemic immune reactivation by aglatimagene besadenovec plus valacyclovir in immune checkpoint inhibitor-refractory non-small cell lung cancer.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Sep-28
• Screened: 2026-10-04 03:15 KST
• PMID: 42805763
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42805763/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-015821
• Tags: non-small cell lung cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitor-refractory, aglatimagene besadenovec, valacyclovir, systemic immune reactivation, phase II clinical trial, overall survival
• Open access (PMC): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 ICI 치료 실패 후 생존 기간이 짧은 비소세포폐암 환자들을 대상으로 aglatimagene besadenovec와 valacyclovir를 병용 투여한 Phase II 임상 시험 결과를 보고합니다. 평가 가능한 환자군에서 중위 전체 생존기간(OS)이 24.5개월로 나타나 encouraging한 유효성을 보였으며, 전신 면역 재 활성화 및 비주사 병변의 퇴축을 확인했습니다. 심각한 치료 관련 부작용은 거의 없었으나, 무작위 대조 시험(RCT)을 통한 추가 검증이 필요함을 강조합니다.

Abstract

Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who progress on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) face limited options and poor survival. Aglatimagene besadenovec (CAN-2409), a replication-defective adenoviral vector encoding herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase, plus valacyclovir, has been shown to induce immunogenic cell death and systemic immune activation. In this open-label, phase 2a clinical trial, 76 patients were enrolled (intention-to-treat population) and 73 received at least one dose of aglatimagene besadenovec (safety population); 46 patients who received two intratumoral aglatimagene besadenovec injections, completed protocol-defined valacyclovir exposure, and underwent a 12-week imaging comprised the evaluable (per-protocol) population. Endpoints included clinical and immunological outcomes. In the 73 patients included in the safety analysis (including patients who did not receive a second injection due to apparent pseudoprogression), median OS was 14.3 months. In the evaluable (per-protocol) population of 46 patients who completed protocol-defined treatment and week-12 imaging, median OS was 24.5 months (95% CI 16.0 to 33.8). Among the 41 evaluable patients in cohort 2, 15 (37%) were alive at ≥24 months and 5 (12%) at ≥40 months. In the 46-patient evaluable population, the objective response rate was 10.9% (5/46; 95% CI 4.7% to 23.0%) and the disease contro...

Quantitative Computed Tomography in Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis: Data from a Sub-Study of the Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled INBUILD Trial.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: biomedical-imaging
• Journal: American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
• Publication date: 2026-Sep-29
• Screened: 2026-10-04 03:14 KST
• PMID: 42809243
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42809243/
• DOI: 10.1093/ajrccm/aamag526
• Tags: Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis, Quantitative Computed Tomography, Nintedanib, INBUILD Trial, Lung Imaging Biomarkers, FVC Decline
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 INBUILD 시험의 하위 연구를 통해 정량적 CT(QCT)가 진행성 폐섬유증 환자의 질병 진행 및 예후를 예측하는 데 유용함을 입증했습니다. 특히 UCLA 및 e-Lung 알고리즘을 사용한 QCT 측정값은 FVC 감소율과 사망 위험과 유의미한 상관관계를 보였습니다. 또한 nintedanib 치료가 QILD 점수 및 총 질환 범위(TDE)의 악화를 통계적으로 유의미하게 지연시킨다는 사실을 확인했습니다.

Abstract

Change in forced vital capacity (FVC) is an established endpoint in clinical trials in lung fibrosis, but more sensitive measures of structural deterioration are needed. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) measurements predict FVC decline and mortality, but more information is needed on their prognostic value and response to therapy. Evaluate the prognostic potential of quantitative CT measurements derived using University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and e-Lung (Brainomix) algorithms, and effects of nintedanib on these measurements, in patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF). Among patients with PPF in a sub-study of the INBUILD trial (N = 474), associations between UCLA quantitative ILD and lung fibrosis (QILD and QLF) scores, e-Lung total disease extent (TDE), reticulovascular score (RVS), and weighted RVS, and ILD progression were assessed. In the placebo group, higher baseline QCT scores were associated with a greater rate of decline in FVC (mL/year) over 52 weeks. The risk of decline in FVC % predicted ≥10% or death over 52 weeks was greater with QCT scores above vs below the median; differences in restricted mean survival time ranged from 40-65 days. Nintedanib had significant effects on changes in QILD score and e-Lung TDE at week 24 (relative difference versus placebo [%]: -7 [95% CI: -11, -2; p = 0.005] and -8 [-12, -4; p < 0.001], respectively) and...

Spatially confined IL-12 programs CAR-NK through mTORC1 to coordinate antitumor immune networks.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Cancer discovery
• Publication date: 2026-Sep-29
• Screened: 2026-10-04 03:13 KST
• PMID: 42810409
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42810409/
• DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-26-0509
• Tags: CAR-NK, IL-12, mTORC1, Solid tumors, Immunotherapy, Tumor microenvironment, Ovarian cancer, Pancreatic cancer

Screening brief

이 연구는 전신 독성을 줄이기 위해 콜라겐 결합 도메인에 IL-12를 고정하여 공간적으로 제한된 CAR-NK 세포 플랫폼을 개발했습니다. IL-12 신호는 CAR 활성화와 시너지 효과를 일으켜 mTORC1 활동을 유지하고, NK 세포의 자가 확장 및 지속적 효과 기능을 촉진합니다. 또한 이 접근법은 관망자 NK 세포, T 세포, 대식세포를 활성화하여 종양 미세환경을 재구성하며 난치성 고형암 모델에서 내구성 있는 종양 조절을 달성했습니다.

Abstract

Solid tumors evade immunotherapy because of immunosuppressive microenvironments that limit immune cell persistence and function. Although interleukin-12 (IL-12) potently activates antitumor immunity, its clinical use has been constrained by systemic toxicity. Here we engineered a CAR natural killer (NK) cell platform that integrated IL-12 signaling to enhance antitumor immunity. IL-12 signaling synergized with CAR activation to sustain mTORC1 activity through convergent Ras-ERK and PI3K pathways, promoting metabolic fitness, autonomous expansion, and sustained effector function. IL-12 also activated bystander NK cells, T cells, and macrophages to remodel the tumor microenvironment. To improve safety, IL-12 was tethered to a collagen-binding A3-domain, restricting its activity to the extracellular matrix and limiting systemic exposure. In ovarian and pancreatic cancer models, matrix-anchored IL-12 CAR NK cells expanded without exogenous cytokines and achieved durable tumor control. These findings suggest that mTORC1-mediated integration of CAR and cytokine signaling can enhance immune fitness and overcome immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments.

IL-2/CD25 acts within the tumor microenvironment to reprogram tumor-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells while restraining regulatory T-cell accumulation.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Sep-29
• Screened: 2026-10-04 03:12 KST
• PMID: 42810810
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42810810/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-015104
• Tags: IL-2/CD25, anti-PD-1, CD8+ T cells, regulatory T cells, tumor microenvironment, scRNA-seq, immunotherapy, colon carcinoma
• Open access (PMC): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 고용량 mIL-2/CD25와 anti-PD-1의 병용 요법이 종양 미세환경 내 CD8+ T 세포의 기능을 재프로그래밍하고 증식을 촉진하는 기전을 밝혔다. 특히, 이 조합은 Treg의 신호 전달을 저해하고 사멸을 유도하여 항종양 면역 반응을 선택적으로 강화함을 scRNA-seq 분석으로 입증했다. 이러한 발견은 기존 체크포인트 억제제 단일 요법보다 더 지속 가능한 반응률을 달성할 수 있는 새로운 면역항암 전략의 가능성을 제시한다.

Abstract

Targeting the high-affinity interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) on CD8+ T effector cells elicits potent antitumor responses that are augmented when co-administered with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade. Using the mouse IL-2/CD25 fusion protein (mIL-2/CD25) at a high dose (HD) and anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade, with the CT26 and MC38 colon carcinomas as models, the current study investigated how antitumor responses occurred when regulatory T cells (Tregs) are also a target of HD mIL-2/CD25. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire analysis of tumor-associated immune cells were used to identify how combination therapy reshaped the tumor microenvironment (TME). These data were cross-referenced with published datasets to (1) corroborate TCR specificity and (2) identify how CD8+ T-cell differentiation is affected by different IL-2/PD-1 strategies. Here, we show that effective antitumor immunity by the combination therapy is a result of HD mIL-2/CD25-dependent reprogramming of CD8+ tumor-specific T cells that increases their function and supports their expansion within the TME, the latter also shaped by PD-1 blockade. This therapy supports antitumor responses by chemokines and inflammatory cytokines that selectively favor the migration of CD8+ T cells but not Tregs deep within the tumor. After HD mIL-2/CD25 treatment, Tregs within the TME...

Screening of known gut microbiome-derived metabolites in anti-tumor immunity of colorectal cancer.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Sep-29
• Screened: 2026-10-04 03:12 KST
• PMID: 42810811
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42810811/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-015554
• Tags: Colorectal Cancer, Gut Microbiome, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor, PD-1 Signaling, Bile Acids, Tumor Microenvironment, Immunotherapy Resistance
• Open access (PMC): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 대장암에서 PD-1/SHP-2 상호작용을 강화하여 CD8+ T 세포 기능을 억제하는 담즙산 대사산물인 TCA와 GDCA를 동정했습니다. 이러한 대사산물은 종양 미세환경의 면역억제를 촉진하며, Clostridium scindens의 풍부도와 음의 상관관계를 보입니다. 콜레스티라민(Cholestyramine)을 이용한 대사산물 제거는 anti-PD-1 항체 치료와 시너지 효과를 일으켜 종양 성장을 억제함을 확인했습니다.

Abstract

Most colorectal cancers (CRCs) patients with microsatellite stability (MSS) have minimal benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy, and even after PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, T cell function remains inadequately restored, highlighting the importance of PD-1 downstream signaling events. SHP-2 is a critical effector of PD-1 downstream signaling and plays a key role in establishing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in CRC. Gut microbial metabolites are emerging as regulators of anti-tumor immunity, but their role in modulating the PD-1/SHP-2 interaction remains unknown. We established a split-luciferase complementation screening system based on the PD-1/SHP-2 interaction and systematically screened a library of human gut microbial metabolites (n=480). The effect of candidate metabolites on T cell function was assessed in vitro using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and cell viability assays. Using a mouse colon cancer model, we further investigated the role of taurocholic acid (TCA) and glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) in the tumorigenesis and immunotherapy of CRC. Finally, the clinical relevance of metabolite-producing bacterium was examined in tumor specimens from CRC patients (n=53) using fluorescence in situ hybridization and real-time PCR assays. We identified the conjugated bile acids TCA and GDCA as enhancers of the PD-1/SHP-2 interaction. Mechanistically, T...

Mechanisms of neuropeptide-mediated immune sensing in the modulation of antitumor immunity.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.85
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Sep-29
• Screened: 2026-10-04 03:11 KST
• PMID: 42810812
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42810812/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-015967
• Tags: neuropeptides, tumor microenvironment, antitumor immunity, neuro-immune interaction, cancer biology, immunotherapy
• Open access (PMC): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 리뷰는 종양 미세환경 내 신경펩타이드가 종양 침윤 면역 세포의 표현형과 기능을 어떻게 조절하는지 설명합니다. 신경계와 면역계의 상호작용은 종양 진행에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요소로 부상하고 있습니다. 이러한 기전을 이해하면 기존 암 치료법을 보완할 수 있는 새로운 표적 치료 전략을 개발하는 데 도움이 될 것입니다.

Abstract

The hallmarks of cancer, first introduced by Hanahan and Weinberg in 2000 and updated in 2011 and in 2022, summarize the core processes that drive the stepwise development of tumors. This framework has proven highly effective for interpreting the vast complexity of cancer and its underlying biology. However, advances in spatially resolved single-cell technologies and more advanced imaging approaches have revealed additional layers of regulation that shape tumor behavior, particularly involving interactions between tumors and the nervous system. Although the influence of innervation on tumor cells and tumor vasculature has been widely studied, the impact of neurotransmitters, neural-derived factors, or neuropeptides on tumor-infiltrating immune cells remains largely unexplored and unexploited. Importantly, immune cells within the tumor microenvironment express receptors for various neural-derived signals, and can shift their phenotypes and adapt their functions in response to these inputs. Here, we highlight neuropeptide-driven pathways that modulate tumor-infiltrating immune cells to influence hallmark functions and, ultimately, shape tumor progression. Neural regulation of the tumor microenvironment is therefore emerging as a promising and potentially targetable layer that could complement existing cancer therapies.

Deep learning classification of radiologic pattern is associated with progression of interstitial lung abnormalities and with survival.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: biomedical-imaging
• Journal: American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
• Publication date: 2026-Sep-29
• Screened: 2026-10-04 03:11 KST
• PMID: 42811099
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42811099/
• DOI: 10.1093/ajrccm/aamag525
• Tags: Deep Learning, Interstitial Lung Abnormalities, Computed Tomography, Risk Stratification, Usual Interstitial Pneumonia, Survival Analysis, COPDGene, AGES-Reykjavík
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

본 연구는 COPDGene 및 AGES-Reykjavík 코호트 데이터를 활용하여, 심층 학습 분류기(MIL-UIP)가 간질성 폐 이상(ILA) 환자의 섬유증 진행과 사망률을 예측하는 데 효과적임을 확인했습니다. MIL-UIP 점수가 높은 그룹에서 데이터 기반 텍스처 분석(DTA)의 연평균 증가율이 유의미하게 높았으며, 이는 전반적인 생존율 감소와도 강한 상관관계가 있었습니다. 이러한 결과는 자동화된 영상 분석이 ILA 환자의 위험 계층화 및 임상 시험 대상자 선별에 유용한 도구가 될 수 있음을 시사합니다.

Abstract

Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) are common, but not all progress, highlighting the need for objective computed tomography (CT)-based biomarkers for risk stratification. To determine whether deep learning-based classification of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is associated with fibrosis progression and survival in individuals with ILA. Baseline and follow-up CT scans from participants without clinically diagnosed interstitial lung disease in two large observational cohorts (COPDGene and AGES-Reykjavík) were analyzed using data-driven textural analysis (DTA) to quantify fibrosis and a deep learning-based classifier (MIL-UIP) to estimate UIP likelihood. Associations of baseline MIL-UIP with DTA trajectory and survival were evaluated using linear mixed and multivariable Cox models, respectively. Baseline MIL-UIP > 0.5 was associated with relative annual DTA increases of 13.41% (95% CI: 8.10%, 18.99%; p < 0.001) and 14.10% (95% CI: 5.06%, 23.91%; p = 0.002) in COPDGene and AGES-Reykjavík, respectively. Each 0.1-point increase in MIL-UIP was associated with relative rates of DTA change that were 1.10 percentage points higher (95% CI: 0.45, 1.74; p < 0.001) in COPDGene and 1.30 percentage points higher (95% CI: 0.17, 2.45; p = 0.025) in AGES-Reykjavík. MIL-UIP > 0.5 was associated with higher mortality in COPDGene (HR 1.61; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.38; p = 0.018) and AGES-Reykjavík...

Imaging patterns of necrosis after treatment with chemoradiation are prognostic for survival in glioblastoma.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: biomedical-imaging
• Journal: European radiology
• Publication date: 2026-Sep-29
• Screened: 2026-10-04 03:10 KST
• PMID: 42811203
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42811203/
• DOI: 10.1007/s00330-026-12862-4
• Tags: Glioblastoma, MRI, Necrosis, Prognosis, Chemoradiation, Radiomics, Survival Analysis
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 Glioblastoma 환자에서 Chemoradiation 후 MRI를 통해 분석된 Necrosis의 형태학적 특징이 생존 예후와 밀접한 관련이 있음을 보여줍니다. 특히, Necrosis가 더 컴팩트하고 경계가 매끄러운 'Low-risk' 표현형은 사망 위험을 현저히 낮추는 것으로 확인되었습니다. 이러한 정량적 MRI 평가는 기존 Prognostic factors를 보완하여 환자 관리 및 위험 계층화에 유용한 도구가 될 수 있습니다.

Abstract

Tumor necrosis is a hallmark of glioblastoma. While recent data suggest that necrotic tissue plays an active role in glioblastoma growth, the prognostic relevance of necrosis imaging remains understudied. This study evaluated necrotic tissue on MRI to identify a prognostic morphological signature and characterize its underlying biological characteristics. 82 patients with glioblastoma imaged after chemoradiation were retrospectively analyzed. A combination of two shape features (volume density and surface-to-volume ratio) was used to define prognostic necrosis phenotypes (low- vs. high-risk). The association between necrosis phenotypes and survival was tested with log-rank and multivariable Cox models adjusting for other prognostic variables. Diffusion, perfusion, and pH-weighted MRI were used to biologically characterize the two groups. The low-risk necrosis phenotype was more compact (not spatially dispersed), with smoother margins and fewer fragmentations. Patients with this phenotype had an almost three-fold lower hazard of death (HR: 0.35, p = 0.001), which was confirmed after adjusting for tumor volume, MGMT status, age, and Karnofsky performance score (KPS) (HR: 0.29, p = 0.001). Low-risk necrosis was characterized by greater necrosis volume and necrosis proportion, fewer isolated clusters, lower perfusion values, and higher oxygen extraction values. The necrosis morpho...

DSDFF-YOLO: an automated computer-aided diagnostic method for post-therapy radioiodine whole-body scan.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.92
• Category: biomedical-imaging
• Journal: European radiology
• Publication date: 2026-Sep-30
• Screened: 2026-10-04 03:09 KST
• PMID: 42814122
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42814122/
• DOI: 10.1007/s00330-026-12870-4
• Tags: Radioiodine-131 therapy, RxWBS, DSDFF-YOLO, Computer-aided diagnosis, Thyroid cancer, Deep learning, Nuclear medicine

Screening brief

이 연구는 갑상선암 수술 후 Radioiodine-131 치료를 받은 환자의 RxWBS 이미지를 분석하는 DSDFF-YOLO 모델을 개발했습니다. 검증 결과, 이 모델은 갑상선 잔여물 및 림프절 전이를 식별하는 데 핵의학 전문의보다 우수한 성능을 보였습니다. 이는 고비용인 SPECT/CT 검사 필요성을 줄일 수 있는 잠재력을 가진 중요한 자동화 진단 도구입니다.

Abstract

Radioiodine-131 (131I) therapy is an important post-thyroidectomy treatment, but lesion diagnosis on post-therapy whole-body scans (RxWBS) is clinically challenging. This study aimed to propose an automated computer-aided diagnostic method for RxWBS that detects four categories of lesions: thyroid remnants, lymph node metastases (mLNs), lung metastases, and other distant metastases. This retrospective study analyzed data from 361 thyroid cancer patients treated with 131I between June 2022 and February 2024. We proposed an automated diagnostic method to assist physicians, in which the DSDFF-YOLO model automatically detects and diagnoses lesions on RxWBS. Moreover, we designed the depthwise-separable multi-scale fusion and the dual-control frequency-domain self-attention modules and additionally improved the frequency-domain dynamic convolution. The DSDFF-YOLO was compared with other state-of-the-art and conventional models, as well as with nuclear medicine physicians, to evaluate its diagnostic performance. The validation set included 62 patients (mean age 43.90 ± 13.80 years [SD], 36 female patients). The DSDFF-YOLO outperformed others in detecting thyroid remnants and mLNs, achieving a mAP₅₀ of 0.772, mean precision of 0.801, and recall of 0.731. On the independent test set (51 patients, mean age 44.51 ± 15.51 years [SD], 22 female patients), it surpassed nuclear medicine phy...

Systemic and intracranial activity of antibody-drug conjugates in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and brain metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
• Publication date: 2026-Sep-28
• Screened: 2026-10-04 03:09 KST
• PMID: 42815252
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42815252/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2026.109638
• Tags: NSCLC, Brain Metastases, Antibody-Drug Conjugates, HER2, TROP-2, Meta-analysis, Intracranial Response

Screening brief

이 연구는 NSCLC 뇌전이 환자에서 ADC의 치료 효과를 평가한 체계적 문헌고찰 및 메타분석입니다. 분석 결과, ADC는 전신 ORR 40%와 두개내 ORR 33%를 보이며 임상적으로 의미 있는 효능을 입증했습니다. 특히 HER2 표적 ADC가 높은 반응률을 나타냈으며, 뇌전이 유무에 따른 전신 반응률 차이는 없었습니다.

Abstract

Brain metastases (BM) remain a major clinical challenge in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as important treatment options for advanced NSCLC, their efficacy in patients with BM remains uncertain because of concerns regarding blood-brain barrier penetration and the underrepresentation of patients with BM in clinical trials. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies evaluating ADCs in patients with NSCLC and BM. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and major conference proceedings were searched. Outcomes included systemic and intracranial (IC) objective response rates (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs). A total of 13 studies comprising 3,191 patients were included, of whom 905 had BM. The pooled systemic ORR was 40% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30-52%), with a systemic DCR of 77%. ADCs achieved an IC-ORR of 33% (95% CI: 25-43%) and an IC-DCR of 78%. HER2-targeted ADCs showed substantial activity (systemic ORR: 54%; IC-ORR: 44%), while TROP-2- and HER3-targeted ADCs also showed promising activity. No significant difference in systemic ORR was observed between patients with and without BM (pooled odds ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.67-1.49; p = 1.00). ADCs demonstrated clinically meaningful systemic and intracranial activity in patients with N...

Lung cancer after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
• Publication date: 2026-Sep-28
• Screened: 2026-10-04 03:08 KST
• PMID: 42815253
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42815253/
• DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2026.109633
• Tags: NSCLC, HCT, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Secondary Malignancy, GvHD, irAEs, Survival Outcomes
• Open access (OA/hybrid): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 이종造血幹細胞移植(HCT) 후 발생한 폐암 환자에서 면역관문억제제(ICI) 기반 요법이 화학요법 단독보다 전체 생존기간(OS)을 유의하게 연장함을 보여줍니다. 또한, ICI 사용 시 graft-versus-host disease(GvHD) 재발이나 중증 immune-related adverse events(irAEs)의 증가 신호가 관찰되지 않았습니다. 이는 HCT 이력 환자에서 ICI 사용을 고려할 수 있는 근거를 제시하며, 종양학 및 면역치료 분야에서 중요한 임상적 통찰을 제공합니다.

Abstract

Long-term outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are improving, increasing the relevance of secondary malignancies, including lung cancer. The clinical utility of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in this setting remains unclear and concerns regarding graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) persist. In this international cohort study, we evaluated clinical characteristics, survival outcomes, and toxicities in patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and a history of HCT. A total of 77 patients from 18 centers in six countries were included. Median time from HCT to diagnosis was 4.2 years (95%CI, 0.5-30.4), 64% of patients were male, and 81% were current or former smokers. In advanced NSCLC, patients treated with ICI-based therapies (n=20) had longer overall survival than those receiving chemotherapy alone (n=16) (median 17.4 vs 4.7 months; HR 0.32, 95%CI: 0.13-0.77). Across 77 lines of therapy in 54 patients receiving systemic treatment, grade 3-5 immune-related adverse events (irAEs) or GvHD occurred in 2/30 ICI-containing lines (7%) and 1/47 lines that did not include ICIs (2%). However, patients receiving ICIs had longer intervals from HCT to treatment initiation (median, 7.1 vs 3.0 years) and did not require GvHD treatment (0% vs 25%), indicating improved host immune tolerance. In our study, ICI-based t...

Studying Ferroptosis in the Tumor Microenvironment.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.85
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Cancer discovery
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-01
• Screened: 2026-10-04 03:08 KST
• PMID: 42817713
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42817713/
• DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-26-0232
• Tags: Ferroptosis, Tumor Microenvironment, Cancer Therapy, Translational Research, Commentary

Screening brief

이 논평은 Ferroptosis 기반 치료 전략이 임상적으로 성공하지 못한 이유를 종양 미세환경의 복잡성과 기존 in vitro 모델의 한계에서 찾습니다. 저자들은 기초 생물학 연구와 임상적 개입을 연결하기 위해 다학제적 접근이 필요하다고 주장합니다. 이는 향후 암 치료 표적 개발 및 약물 반응 예측에 중요한 방향성을 제시합니다.

Abstract

Despite strong preclinical evidence, ferroptosis-based strategies have not yet translated into the clinic, in part due to the disconnect between conventional in vitro models and the complex tumor microenvironment. In this commentary, we consider ferroptosis as a microenvironmentally regulated process and call for multidisciplinary approaches that bridge foundational ferroptosis biology with clinically actionable interventions grounded in the context of the tumor microenvironment.

When Neutrophils Do Not Die: Senescence as a New Axis of Tumor Immunosuppression.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Cancer discovery
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-01
• Screened: 2026-10-04 03:07 KST
• PMID: 42817716
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42817716/
• DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-26-1529
• Tags: Neutrophils, Senescence, Tumor Microenvironment, Colorectal Cancer, Liver Metastases, Immune Evasion, Angiogenesis

Screening brief

이 논문은 대장암 간 전이에서 Glucose-deprived 미세환경이 Neutrophil의 Senescence를 유도하는 기전을 분석합니다. 특히 BHLHE40 상향조절로 인한 TAN1 군집이 CD8+ T 세포 배제와 혈관생성을 촉진하여 종양 성장을 지원함을 강조합니다. 이는 종양 면역억제의 새로운 축으로서 Neutrophil Senescence의 임상적 중요성을 제시합니다.

Abstract

In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Chen and colleagues leverage single-cell RNA sequencing of neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer liver metastases to characterize neutrophil heterogeneity within the metastatic immune landscape. They show that the glucose-deprived metastatic microenvironment drives BHLHE40 upregulation in neutrophils, inducing a senescent tumor-associated neutrophil (TAN) population, TAN1, that actively promotes angiogenesis and excludes CD8+ T cells from the tumor, thereby supporting tumor growth and survival. See related article by Chen et al., p. 2130.

Combining immunotherapy with stereotactic body radiation therapy in localised non-small-cell lung cancer.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Lancet (London, England)
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-03
• Screened: 2026-10-04 03:07 KST
• PMID: 42822463
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42822463/
• DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(26)01816-7
• Tags: NSCLC, immunotherapy, SBRT, combination therapy, lung cancer, radiotherapy

Screening brief

이 논문은 국소성 비소세포폐암(NSCLC) 환자에서 면역요법과 입체정위방사선치료(SBRT)를 결합한 치료의 효능과 안전성을 평가합니다. 이러한 병용 요법은 기존 표준 치료를 대체하거나 보완할 수 있는 중요한 전략으로 주목받고 있습니다. 특히, 면역 반응과 방사선 치료의 시너지 효과를 통해 치료 결과를 개선할 가능성을 제시하고 있습니다.

Abstract

not available

PTPN22 as a novel therapeutic target: a key intracellular checkpoint for NK cell therapy.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-01
• Screened: 2026-10-04 03:06 KST
• PMID: 42823085
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42823085/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-016896
• Tags: NK cell therapy, CAR-NK, PTPN22, Immune checkpoint, Cancer immunotherapy, CRISPR knockout, Tumor microenvironment
• Open access (PMC): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

본 연구는 PTPN22가 NK 세포 및 CAR-NK 세포의 기능을 제한하는 새로운 세포 내 체크포인트임을 규명했습니다. PTPN22를 유전적으로 제거하거나 약리적으로 억제하면 종양 미세환경에서도 NK 세포의 세포독성 및 사이토카인 분비가 유의미하게 향상되었습니다. 특히, PTPN22 knockout CAR-NK 세포는 백혈병 이식 모델에서 우수한 항종양 효과와 생존율 연장을 보였습니다. 이는 NK 세포 기반 암 면역치료의 지속성과 효능을 높이는 유망한 전략으로 평가됩니다.

Abstract

PTPN22, a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family member, has recently emerged as an intracellular regulator in adaptive immune cells. However, its function in natural killer (NK) cells remains unclear despite its high expression in innate immune cells. We analyzed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to evaluate PTPN22 expression in NK cells and its association with clinical outcomes. We established a CRISPR-mediated PTPN22 knockout platform for NK cell gene editing and evaluated PTPN22 function using both genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition across multiple NK cell platforms. Cytotoxicity and cytokine production were assessed against hematologic and solid tumor targets, including CD19+ and mesothelin-positive (MSLN+) cancer cells. PTPN22 knockout (PTPN22KO) anti-CD19/CAR-NK92 cells were tested in Nalm6 xenograft models. Published scRNA-seq datasets showed that PTPN22 was highly expressed in tumor-infiltrating NK cells. PTPN22high NK cells exhibited stress and dysfunction signatures within inflammatory and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME), with elevated PTPN22 expression in TCGA associated with poorer patient survival. Genetic deletion of PTPN22 or pharmacological inhibition enhanced NK-cell cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory cytokine release and improved the antitumor activity of chimeric antigen recept...

Propionate promotes CD8+ T-cell infiltration and enhances immunotherapy efficacy in colorectal cancer.

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-01
• Screened: 2026-10-04 03:06 KST
• PMID: 42823087
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42823087/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-015279
• Tags: colorectal cancer, immunotherapy, CD8+ T-cell, PD-L1 blockade, propionate, ASS1, tumor microenvironment
• Open access (PMC): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

본 연구는 대장암의 종양 미세환경에서 Propionate가 CD8+ T-cell의 침윤과 세포독성 기능을 강화함을 입증했습니다. 특히, Propionate는 ASS1의 프로테아좀 분해를 유도하여 STAT1 신호 전달을 활성화하고 CXCL9 발현을 증가시킴으로써 면역치료 저항성을 극복하는 기전을 밝혔습니다. 이는 MSS 대장암 환자에서 PD-L1 blockade의 효능을 증진시키는 새로운 치료 전략으로 주목할 만합니다.

Abstract

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the gut microbiota are increasingly recognized as regulators of host immunity, yet the role of individual SCFAs in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains poorly defined. This study aims to investigate the role of propionate in antitumor immunity and immunotherapy responsiveness in CRC. SCFA levels, systemic inflammatory cytokine levels, and immune cell subsets were quantified in peripheral blood and tumor tissues from patients with CRC and healthy controls. Syngeneic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) and microsatellite stable (MSS) murine CRC models were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of propionate alone and in combination with anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade. CD8+ T-cell infiltration, activation status, and cytotoxic function were assessed by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and single-cell RNA sequencing. Mechanistic investigations included acetylation-dependent protein modification analyses. Molecular analyses of signaling pathways were performed to delineate the regulatory axis underlying propionate-mediated immune modulation. Propionate levels were inversely associated with systemic inflammation and positively correlated with intratumoral CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Propionate supplementation enhanced CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity, promoted CD8+ T-cell tumor in...

Toripalimab consolidation after chemoradiotherapy in limited-stage small cell lung cancer: a phase II, randomized controlled study (GASTO-1052A).

• Status: include
• Score: 0.95
• Category: clinical-oncology
• Journal: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
• Publication date: 2026-Oct-01
• Screened: 2026-10-04 03:05 KST
• PMID: 42823088
• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42823088/
• DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2026-016467
• Tags: small cell lung cancer, toripalimab, immunotherapy, phase II trial, consolidation therapy, progression-free survival, overall survival
• Open access (PMC): 📎 Zotero에 추가

Screening brief

이 연구는 제한기 소세포폐암(LS-SCLC) 환자에서 동시 화학방사선치료(CCRT) 후 Toripalimab 보강 요법의 효과를 평가했습니다. 결과적으로 Toripalimab 군은 관찰 군에 비해 진행 무병 생존율(PFS)과 전체 생존율(OS)이 유의하게 향상되었으며, 안전성 프로파일도 관리 가능한 수준이었습니다. 이는 LS-SCLC 치료 표준을 변경할 수 있는 중요한 임상적 신호를 제시합니다.

Abstract

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus chemotherapy have demonstrated survival benefits in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The integration of immunotherapy with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) may improve survival outcomes in limited-stage SCLC (LS-SCLC). This phase II randomized controlled study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of toripalimab consolidation versus observation in patients with LS-SCLC after CCRT. We conducted this phase II, randomized controlled trial in patients with LS-SCLC who had completed CCRT. Eligible patients were randomized 1:1 to either toripalimab consolidation (240 mg every 3 weeks for up to 6 months) or observation. Randomization was stratified according to disease stage (I or II vs III) and the receipt of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) (yes vs no). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), objective response rate and toxicities. Between June 30, 2020, and May 31, 2024, a total of 98 patients were randomized to receive either toripalimab consolidation (n=49) or observation (n=49) after CCRT. The trial was prematurely terminated on May 31, 2024. Objective responses were observed in 14 of 23 patients (60.9%) in the toripalimab group and in 9 of 24 patients (37.5%) in the observation group. The median PFS was not reached in the toripali...